﻿/* stb_image - v2.08 - public domain image loader - http://nothings.org/stb_image.h
                                     no warranty implied; use at your own risk
   Do this:
      #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
   before you include this file in *one* C or C++ file to create the implementation.

   // i.e. it should look like this:
   #include ...
   #include ...
   #include ...
   #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
   #include "stb_image.h"

   You can #define STBI_ASSERT(x) before the #include to avoid using assert.h.
   And #define STBI_MALLOC, STBI_REALLOC, and STBI_FREE to avoid using malloc,realloc,free


   QUICK NOTES:
      Primarily of interest to game developers and other people who can
          avoid problematic images and only need the trivial interface

      JPEG baseline & progressive (12 bpc/arithmetic not supported, same as stock IJG lib)
      PNG 1/2/4/8-bit-per-channel (16 bpc not supported)

      TGA (not sure what subset, if a subset)
      BMP non-1bpp, non-RLE
      PSD (composited view only, no extra channels, 8/16 bit-per-channel)

      GIF (*comp always reports as 4-channel)
      HDR (radiance rgbE format)
      PIC (Softimage PIC)
      PNM (PPM and PGM binary only)

       Animated GIF still needs a proper API, but here's one way to do it:
          http://gist.github.com/urraka/685d9a6340b26b830d49

      - decode from memory or through FILE (define STBI_NO_STDIO to remove code)
      - decode from arbitrary I/O callbacks
      - SIMD acceleration on x86/x64 (SSE2) and ARM (NEON)
   Full documentation under "DOCUMENTATION" below.
   Revision 2.00 release notes:
      - Progressive JPEG is now supported.

      - PPM and PGM binary formats are now supported, thanks to Ken Miller.

      - x86 platforms now make use of SSE2 SIMD instructions for
        JPEG decoding, and ARM platforms can use NEON SIMD if requested.
        This work was done by Fabian "ryg" Giesen. SSE2 is used by
        default, but NEON must be enabled explicitly; see docs.

        With other JPEG optimizations included in this version, we see
        2x speedup on a JPEG on an x86 machine, and a 1.5x speedup
        on a JPEG on an ARM machine, relative to previous versions of this
        library. The same results will not obtain for all JPGs and for all
        x86/ARM machines. (Note that progressive JPEGs are significantly
        slower to decode than regular JPEGs.) This doesn't mean that this
        is the fastest JPEG decoder in the land; rather, it brings it
        closer to parity with standard libraries. If you want the fastest
        decode, look elsewhere. (See "Philosophy" section of docs below.)

        See final bullet items below for more info on SIMD.

      - Added STBI_MALLOC, STBI_REALLOC, and STBI_FREE macros for replacing
        the memory allocator. Unlike other STBI libraries, these macros don't
        support a context parameter, so if you need to pass a context in to
        the allocator, you'll have to store it in a global or a thread-local
        variable.

      - Split existing STBI_NO_HDR flag into two flags, STBI_NO_HDR and
        STBI_NO_LINEAR.
            STBI_NO_HDR:     suppress implementation of .hdr reader format
            STBI_NO_LINEAR:  suppress high-dynamic-range light-linear float API

      - You can suppress implementation of any of the decoders to reduce
        your code footprint by #defining one or more of the following
        symbols before creating the implementation.

            STBI_NO_JPEG
            STBI_NO_PNG
            STBI_NO_BMP
            STBI_NO_PSD
            STBI_NO_TGA
            STBI_NO_GIF
            STBI_NO_HDR
            STBI_NO_PIC
            STBI_NO_PNM   (.ppm and .pgm)

      - You can request *only* certain decoders and suppress all other ones
        (this will be more forward-compatible, as addition of new decoders
        doesn't require you to disable them explicitly):

            STBI_ONLY_JPEG
            STBI_ONLY_PNG
            STBI_ONLY_BMP
            STBI_ONLY_PSD
            STBI_ONLY_TGA
            STBI_ONLY_GIF
            STBI_ONLY_HDR
            STBI_ONLY_PIC
            STBI_ONLY_PNM   (.ppm and .pgm)

         Note that you can define multiples of these, and you will get all
         of them ("only x" and "only y" is interpreted to mean "only x&y").

       - If you use STBI_NO_PNG (or _ONLY_ without PNG), and you still
         want the zlib decoder to be available, #define STBI_SUPPORT_ZLIB

      - Compilation of all SIMD code can be suppressed with
            #define STBI_NO_SIMD
        It should not be necessary to disable SIMD unless you have issues
        compiling (e.g. using an x86 compiler which doesn't support SSE
        intrinsics or that doesn't support the method used to detect
        SSE2 support at run-time), and even those can be reported as
        bugs so I can refine the built-in compile-time checking to be
        smarter.

      - The old STBI_SIMD system which allowed installing a user-defined
        IDCT etc. has been removed. If you need this, don't upgrade. My
        assumption is that almost nobody was doing this, and those who
        were will find the built-in SIMD more satisfactory anyway.

      - RGB values computed for JPEG images are slightly different from
        previous versions of stb_image. (This is due to using less
        integer precision in SIMD.) The C code has been adjusted so
        that the same RGB values will be computed regardless of whether
        SIMD support is available, so your app should always produce
        consistent results. But these results are slightly different from
        previous versions. (Specifically, about 3% of available YCbCr values
        will compute different RGB results from pre-1.49 versions by +-1;
        most of the deviating values are one smaller in the G channel.)

      - If you must produce consistent results with previous versions of
        stb_image, #define STBI_JPEG_OLD and you will get the same results
        you used to; however, you will not get the SIMD speedups for
        the YCbCr-to-RGB conversion step (although you should still see
        significant JPEG speedup from the other changes).

        Please note that STBI_JPEG_OLD is a temporary feature; it will be
        removed in future versions of the library. It is only intended for
        near-term back-compatibility use.


   Latest revision history:
      2.08  (2015-09-13) fix to 2.07 cleanup, reading RGB PSD as RGBA
      2.07  (2015-09-13) partial animated GIF support
                         limited 16-bit PSD support
                         minor bugs, code cleanup, and compiler warnings
      2.06  (2015-04-19) fix bug where PSD returns wrong '*comp' value
      2.05  (2015-04-19) fix bug in progressive JPEG handling, fix warning
      2.04  (2015-04-15) try to re-enable SIMD on MinGW 64-bit
      2.03  (2015-04-12) additional corruption checking
                         stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load
                         fix NEON support; fix mingw support
      2.02  (2015-01-19) fix incorrect assert, fix warning
      2.01  (2015-01-17) fix various warnings
      2.00b (2014-12-25) fix STBI_MALLOC in progressive JPEG
      2.00  (2014-12-25) optimize JPEG, including x86 SSE2 & ARM NEON SIMD
                         progressive JPEG
                         PGM/PPM support
                         STBI_MALLOC,STBI_REALLOC,STBI_FREE
                         STBI_NO_*, STBI_ONLY_*
                         GIF bugfix
      1.48  (2014-12-14) fix incorrectly-named assert()
      1.47  (2014-12-14) 1/2/4-bit PNG support (both grayscale and paletted)
                         optimize PNG
                         fix bug in interlaced PNG with user-specified channel count

   See end of file for full revision history.


 ============================    Contributors    =========================

 Image formats                                Bug fixes & warning fixes
    Sean Barrett (jpeg, png, bmp)                Marc LeBlanc
    Nicolas Schulz (hdr, psd)                    Christpher Lloyd
    Jonathan Dummer (tga)                        Dave Moore
    Jean-Marc Lienher (gif)                      Won Chun
    Tom Seddon (pic)                             the Horde3D community
    Thatcher Ulrich (psd)                        Janez Zemva
    Ken Miller (pgm, ppm)                        Jonathan Blow
    urraka@github (animated gif)                 Laurent Gomila
                                                 Aruelien Pocheville
                                                 Ryamond Barbiero
                                                 David Woo
 Extensions, features                            Martin Golini
    Jetro Lauha (stbi_info)                      Roy Eltham
    Martin "SpartanJ" Golini (stbi_info)         Luke Graham
    James "moose2000" Brown (iPhone PNG)         Thomas Ruf
    Ben "Disch" Wenger (io callbacks)            John Bartholomew
    Omar Cornut (1/2/4-bit PNG)                  Ken Hamada
    Nicolas Guillemot (vertical flip)            Cort Stratton
    Richard Mitton (16-bit PSD)                  Blazej Dariusz Roszkowski
                                                 Thibault Reuille
                                                 Paul Du Bois
                                                 Guillaume George
                                                 Jerry Jansson
                                                 Hayaki Saito
                                                 Johan Duparc
                                                 Ronny Chevalier
 Optimizations & bugfixes                        Michal Cichon
    Fabian "ryg" Giesen                          Tero Hanninen
    Arseny Kapoulkine                            Sergio Gonzalez
                                                 Cass Everitt
                                                 Engin Manap
  If your name should be here but                Martins Mozeiko
  isn't, let Sean know.                          Joseph Thomson
                                                 Phil Jordan
                                                 Nathan Reed
                                                 Michaelangel007@github
                                                 Nick Verigakis

LICENSE

This software is in the public domain. Where that dedication is not
recognized, you are granted a perpetual, irrevocable license to copy,
distribute, and modify this file as you see fit.

*/


#ifndef STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H
#define STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H

// DOCUMENTATION
//
// Limitations:
//    - no 16-bit-per-channel PNG
//    - no 12-bit-per-channel JPEG
//    - no JPEGs with arithmetic coding
//    - no 1-bit BMP
//    - GIF always returns *comp=4
//
// Basic usage (see HDR discussion below for HDR usage):
//    int x,y,n;
//    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(filename, &x, &y, &n, 0);
//    // ... process data if not NULL ...
//    // ... x = width, y = height, n = # 8-bit components per pixel ...
//    // ... replace '0' with '1'..'4' to force that many components per pixel
//    // ... but 'n' will always be the number that it would have been if you said 0
//    stbi_image_free(data)
//
// Standard parameters:
//    int *x       -- outputs image width in pixels
//    int *y       -- outputs image height in pixels
//    int *comp    -- outputs # of image components in image file
//    int req_comp -- if non-zero, # of image components requested in result
//
// The return value from an image loader is an 'unsigned char *' which points
// to the pixel data, or NULL on an allocation failure or if the image is
// corrupt or invalid. The pixel data consists of *y scanlines of *x pixels,
// with each pixel consisting of N interleaved 8-bit components; the first
// pixel pointed to is top-left-most in the image. There is no padding between
// image scanlines or between pixels, regardless of format. The number of
// components N is 'req_comp' if req_comp is non-zero, or *comp otherwise.
// If req_comp is non-zero, *comp has the number of components that _would_
// have been output otherwise. E.g. if you set req_comp to 4, you will always
// get RGBA output, but you can check *comp to see if it's trivially opaque
// because e.g. there were only 3 channels in the source image.
//
// An output image with N components has the following components interleaved
// in this order in each pixel:
//
//     N=#comp     components
//       1           grey
//       2           grey, alpha
//       3           red, green, blue
//       4           red, green, blue, alpha
//
// If image loading fails for any reason, the return value will be NULL,
// and *x, *y, *comp will be unchanged. The function stbi_failure_reason()
// can be queried for an extremely brief, end-user unfriendly explanation
// of why the load failed. Define STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS to avoid
// compiling these strings at all, and STBI_FAILURE_USERMSG to get slightly
// more user-friendly ones.
//
// Paletted PNG, BMP, GIF, and PIC images are automatically depalettized.
//
// ===========================================================================
//
// Philosophy
//
// stb libraries are designed with the following priorities:
//
//    1. easy to use
//    2. easy to maintain
//    3. good performance
//
// Sometimes I let "good performance" creep up in priority over "easy to maintain",
// and for best performance I may provide less-easy-to-use APIs that give higher
// performance, in addition to the easy to use ones. Nevertheless, it's important
// to keep in mind that from the standpoint of you, a client of this library,
// all you care about is #1 and #3, and stb libraries do not emphasize #3 above all.
//
// Some secondary priorities arise directly from the first two, some of which
// make more explicit reasons why performance can't be emphasized.
//
//    - Portable ("ease of use")
//    - Small footprint ("easy to maintain")
//    - No dependencies ("ease of use")
//
// ===========================================================================
//
// I/O callbacks
//
// I/O callbacks allow you to read from arbitrary sources, like packaged
// files or some other source. Data read from callbacks are processed
// through a small internal buffer (currently 128 bytes) to try to reduce
// overhead.
//
// The three functions you must define are "read" (reads some bytes of data),
// "skip" (skips some bytes of data), "eof" (reports if the stream is at the end).
//
// ===========================================================================
//
// SIMD support
//
// The JPEG decoder will try to automatically use SIMD kernels on x86 when
// supported by the compiler. For ARM Neon support, you must explicitly
// request it.
//
// (The old do-it-yourself SIMD API is no longer supported in the current
// code.)
//
// On x86, SSE2 will automatically be used when available based on a run-time
// test; if not, the generic C versions are used as a fall-back. On ARM targets,
// the typical path is to have separate builds for NEON and non-NEON devices
// (at least this is true for iOS and Android). Therefore, the NEON support is
// toggled by a build flag: define STBI_NEON to get NEON loops.
//
// The output of the JPEG decoder is slightly different from versions where
// SIMD support was introduced (that is, for versions before 1.49). The
// difference is only +-1 in the 8-bit RGB channels, and only on a small
// fraction of pixels. You can force the pre-1.49 behavior by defining
// STBI_JPEG_OLD, but this will disable some of the SIMD decoding path
// and hence cost some performance.
//
// If for some reason you do not want to use any of SIMD code, or if
// you have issues compiling it, you can disable it entirely by
// defining STBI_NO_SIMD.
//
// ===========================================================================
//
// HDR image support   (disable by defining STBI_NO_HDR)
//
// stb_image now supports loading HDR images in general, and currently
// the Radiance .HDR file format, although the support is provided
// generically. You can still load any file through the existing interface;
// if you attempt to load an HDR file, it will be automatically remapped to
// LDR, assuming gamma 2.2 and an arbitrary scale factor defaulting to 1;
// both of these constants can be reconfigured through this interface:
//
//     stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(2.2f);
//     stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(1.0f);
//
// (note, do not use _inverse_ constants; stbi_image will invert them
// appropriately).
//
// Additionally, there is a new, parallel interface for loading files as
// (linear) floats to preserve the full dynamic range:
//
//    float *data = stbi_loadf(filename, &x, &y, &n, 0);
//
// If you load LDR images through this interface, those images will
// be promoted to floating point values, run through the inverse of
// constants corresponding to the above:
//
//     stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(1.0f);
//     stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(2.2f);
//
// Finally, given a filename (or an open file or memory block--see header
// file for details) containing image data, you can query for the "most
// appropriate" interface to use (that is, whether the image is HDR or
// not), using:
//
//     stbi_is_hdr(char *filename);
//
// ===========================================================================
//
// iPhone PNG support:
//
// By default we convert iphone-formatted PNGs back to RGB, even though
// they are internally encoded differently. You can disable this conversion
// by by calling stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(0), in which case
// you will always just get the native iphone "format" through (which
// is BGR stored in RGB).
//
// Call stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(1) as well to force a divide per
// pixel to remove any premultiplied alpha *only* if the image file explicitly
// says there's premultiplied data (currently only happens in iPhone images,
// and only if iPhone convert-to-rgb processing is on).
//

/*
 * 2021.03.27-Code rectification and function enhancement.
 *            Huawei Device Co., Ltd. <mobile@huawei.com>
 */

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#endif // STBI_NO_STDIO

#define STBI_VERSION 1

enum {
    STBI_default = 0, // only used for req_comp

    STBI_grey = 1,
    STBI_grey_alpha = 2,
    STBI_rgb = 3,
    STBI_rgb_alpha = 4
};

typedef unsigned char stbi_uc;

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef STB_IMAGE_STATIC
#define STBIDEF static
#else
#define STBIDEF extern
#endif

    // PRIMARY API - works on images of any type
    // load image by filename, open file, or memory buffer

    typedef struct {
        // fill 'data' with 'size' bytes.  return number of bytes actually read
        int(*read)(void *user, char *data, int size);
        // skip the next 'n' bytes, or 'unget' the last -n bytes if negative
        void(*skip)(void *user, int n);
        // returns nonzero if we are at end of file/data
        int(*eof)(void *user);
    } stbi_io_callbacks;

    STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
    UILIB_API STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x,
        int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
    STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user, int *x,
        int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
    STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
    // for stbi_load_from_file, file pointer is left pointing immediately after image
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
    STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
    STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
    STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user, int *x,
        int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
    STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
#endif
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(float gamma);
    STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(float scale);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
    STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(float gamma);
    STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(float scale);
#endif // STBI_NO_HDR

    // stbi_is_hdr is always defined, but always returns false if STBI_NO_HDR
    STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user);
    STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len);
#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
    STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr(char const *filename);
    STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_file(FILE *f);
#endif // STBI_NO_STDIO

    // get a VERY brief reason for failure
    // NOT THREADSAFE
    STBIDEF const char *stbi_failure_reason(void);

    // free the loaded image -- this is just free()
    UILIB_API STBIDEF void stbi_image_free(void *retval_from_stbi_load);

    // get image dimensions & components without fully decoding
    STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
    STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user, int *x, int *y, int *comp);

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
    STBIDEF int stbi_info(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
    STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp);

#endif

    // for image formats that explicitly notate that they have premultiplied alpha,
    // we just return the colors as stored in the file. set this flag to force
    // unpremultiplication. results are undefined if the unpremultiply overflow.
    STBIDEF void stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply);

    // indicate whether we should process iphone images back to canonical format,
    // or just pass them through "as-is"
    STBIDEF void stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(int flag_true_if_should_convert);

    // flip the image vertically, so the first pixel in the output array is the bottom left
    STBIDEF void stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_flip);

    // ZLIB client - used by PNG, available for other purposes
    STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(const char *buffer, int len, int initial_size, int *outlen);
    STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag(const char *buffer, int len,
        int initial_size, int *outlen, int parse_header);
    STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc(const char *buffer, int len, int *outlen);
    STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_buffer(char *obuffer, int olen, const char *ibuffer, int ilen);

    STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_malloc(const char *buffer, int len, int *outlen);
    STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_buffer(char *obuffer, int olen, const char *ibuffer, int ilen);


#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

//
//
//// end header file   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#endif // STBI_INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_H

#ifdef STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION

#if defined(STBI_ONLY_JPEG) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PNG) || defined(STBI_ONLY_BMP) \
  || defined(STBI_ONLY_TGA) || defined(STBI_ONLY_GIF) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PSD) \
  || defined(STBI_ONLY_HDR) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PIC) || defined(STBI_ONLY_PNM) \
  || defined(STBI_ONLY_ZLIB)
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_JPEG
#define STBI_NO_JPEG
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PNG
#define STBI_NO_PNG
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_BMP
#define STBI_NO_BMP
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PSD
#define STBI_NO_PSD
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_TGA
#define STBI_NO_TGA
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_GIF
#define STBI_NO_GIF
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_HDR
#define STBI_NO_HDR
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PIC
#define STBI_NO_PIC
#endif
#ifndef STBI_ONLY_PNM
#define STBI_NO_PNM
#endif
#endif

#if defined(STBI_NO_PNG) && !defined(STBI_SUPPORT_ZLIB) && !defined(STBI_NO_ZLIB)
#define STBI_NO_ZLIB
#endif


#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h> // ptrdiff_t on osx
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#if !defined(STBI_NO_LINEAR) || !defined(STBI_NO_HDR)
#include <math.h>  // ldexp
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#endif

#ifndef STBI_ASSERT
#include <assert.h>
#define STBI_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
#endif


#ifndef _MSC_VER
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define stbi_inline inline
#else
#define stbi_inline
#endif
#else
#define stbi_inline __forceinline
#endif


#ifdef _MSC_VER
typedef unsigned short stbi__uint16;
typedef signed short stbi__int16;
typedef unsigned int stbi__uint32;
typedef signed int stbi__int32;
#else
#include <stdint.h>
typedef uint16_t stbi__uint16;
typedef int16_t stbi__int16;
typedef uint32_t stbi__uint32;
typedef int32_t stbi__int32;
#endif

// should produce compiler error if size is wrong
typedef unsigned char validate_uint32[sizeof(stbi__uint32) == 4 ? 1 : -1];

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define STBI_NOTUSED(v) (void)(v)
#else
#define STBI_NOTUSED(v) (void)sizeof(v)
#endif

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define STBI_HAS_LROTL
#endif

#ifdef STBI_HAS_LROTL
#define stbi_lrot(x, y) _lrotl(x, y)
#else
#define stbi_lrot(x, y) (((x) << (y)) | ((x) >> (32 - (y))))
#endif

#if defined(STBI_MALLOC) && defined(STBI_FREE) && defined(STBI_REALLOC)
// ok
#elif !defined(STBI_MALLOC) && !defined(STBI_FREE) && !defined(STBI_REALLOC)
// ok
#else
#error "Must define all or none of STBI_MALLOC, STBI_FREE, and STBI_REALLOC."
#endif

#ifndef STBI_MALLOC
#define STBI_MALLOC(sz) malloc(sz)
#define STBI_REALLOC(p, sz) realloc(p, sz)
#define STBI_FREE(p) free(p)
#endif

// x86/x64 detection
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
#define STBI__X64_TARGET
#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
#define STBI__X86_TARGET
#endif

#if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(STBI__X86_TARGET) || defined(STBI__X64_TARGET)) && !defined(__SSE2__) && !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD)\
// NOTE: not clear do we actually need this for the 64-bit path?
// gcc doesn't support sse2 intrinsics unless you compile with -msse2,
// (but compiling with -msse2 allows the compiler to use SSE2 everywhere;
// this is just broken and gcc are jerks for not fixing it properly
// http://www.virtualdub.org/blog/pivot/entry.php?id=363 )
#define STBI_NO_SIMD
#endif

#if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(STBI__X86_TARGET) && !defined(STBI_MINGW_ENABLE_SSE2) && !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD)
// Note that __MINGW32__ doesn't actually mean 32-bit, so we have to avoid STBI__X64_TARGET
//
// 32-bit MinGW wants ESP to be 16-byte aligned, but this is not in the
// Windows ABI and VC++ as well as Windows DLLs don't maintain that invariant.
// As a result, enabling SSE2 on 32-bit MinGW is dangerous when not
// simultaneously enabling "-mstackrealign".
//
// See https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/81 for more information.
//
// So default to no SSE2 on 32-bit MinGW. If you've read this far and added
// -mstackrealign to your build settings, feel free to #define STBI_MINGW_ENABLE_SSE2.
#define STBI_NO_SIMD
#endif

#if !defined(STBI_NO_SIMD) && defined(STBI__X86_TARGET)
#define STBI_SSE2
#include <emmintrin.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER

#if _MSC_VER >= 1400  // not VC6
#include <intrin.h> // __cpuid
static int stbi__cpuid3(void)
{
    int info[4];
    __cpuid(info, 1);
    return info[3];
}
#else
static int stbi__cpuid3(void)
{
    int res;
    __asm {
        mov eax, 1
        cpuid
        mov res, edx
    }
    return res;
}
#endif

#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) __declspec(align(16)) type name

static int stbi__sse2_available()
{
    const int offset = 26;
    int info3 = stbi__cpuid3();
    return ((info3 >> offset) & 1) != 0;
}
#else // assume GCC-style if not VC++
#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name __attribute__((aligned(16)))

static int stbi__sse2_available()
{
#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 408 // GCC 4.8 or later
    // GCC 4.8+ has a nice way to do this
    return __builtin_cpu_supports("sse2");
#else
    // portable way to do this, preferably without using GCC inline ASM?
    // just bail for now.
    return 0;
#endif
}
#endif
#endif

// ARM NEON
#if defined(STBI_NO_SIMD) && defined(STBI_NEON)
#undef STBI_NEON
#endif

#ifdef STBI_NEON
#include <arm_neon.h>
// assume GCC or Clang on ARM targets
#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name __attribute__((aligned(16)))
#endif

#ifndef STBI_SIMD_ALIGN
#define STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(type, name) type name
#endif

// stbi__context struct and start_xxx functions

// stbi__context structure is our basic context used by all images, so it
// contains all the IO context, plus some basic image information
typedef struct {
    stbi__uint32 img_x;
    stbi__uint32 img_y;
    int img_n;
    int img_out_n;
    stbi_io_callbacks io;
    void *io_user_data;
    int read_from_callbacks;
    int buflen;
    stbi_uc buffer_start[128];
    stbi_uc *img_buffer;
    stbi_uc *img_buffer_end;
    stbi_uc *img_buffer_original;
    stbi_uc *img_buffer_original_end;
} stbi__context;


static void stbi__refill_buffer(stbi__context *s);

// initialize a memory-decode context
static void stbi__start_mem(stbi__context *s, stbi_uc const *buffer, int len)
{
    s->io.read = NULL;
    s->read_from_callbacks = 0;
    s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_original = (stbi_uc *)buffer;
    s->img_buffer_end = s->img_buffer_original_end = (stbi_uc *)buffer + len;
}

// initialize a callback-based context
static void stbi__start_callbacks(stbi__context *s, stbi_io_callbacks *c, void *user)
{
    s->io = *c;
    s->io_user_data = user;
    s->buflen = sizeof(s->buffer_start);
    s->read_from_callbacks = 1;
    s->img_buffer_original = s->buffer_start;
    stbi__refill_buffer(s);
    s->img_buffer_original_end = s->img_buffer_end;
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO

static int stbi__stdio_read(void *user, char *data, int size)
{
    return (int)fread(data, 1, size, (FILE*)user);
}

static void stbi__stdio_skip(void *user, int n)
{
    fseek((FILE*)user, n, SEEK_CUR);
}

static int stbi__stdio_eof(void *user)
{
    return feof((FILE*)user);
}

static stbi_io_callbacks stbi__stdio_callbacks = {
    stbi__stdio_read,
    stbi__stdio_skip,
    stbi__stdio_eof,
};

static void stbi__start_file(stbi__context *s, FILE *f)
{
    stbi__start_callbacks(s, &stbi__stdio_callbacks, (void *)f);
}

#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO

static void stbi__rewind(stbi__context *s)
{
    // conceptually rewind SHOULD rewind to the beginning of the stream,
    // but we just rewind to the beginning of the initial buffer, because
    // we only use it after doing 'test', which only ever looks at at most 92 bytes
    s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_original;
    s->img_buffer_end = s->img_buffer_original_end;
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
static int stbi__jpeg_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__jpeg_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__jpeg_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
static int stbi__png_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__png_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__png_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
static int stbi__bmp_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__bmp_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__bmp_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
static int stbi__tga_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__tga_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__tga_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
static int stbi__psd_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__psd_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__psd_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
static int stbi__hdr_test(stbi__context *s);
static float *stbi__hdr_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__hdr_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
static int stbi__pic_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__pic_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__pic_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
static int stbi__gif_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__gif_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__gif_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
static int stbi__pnm_test(stbi__context *s);
static stbi_uc *stbi__pnm_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp);
static int stbi__pnm_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp);
#endif

// this is not threadsafe
static const char *stbi__g_failure_reason;

STBIDEF const char *stbi_failure_reason(void)
{
    return stbi__g_failure_reason;
}

static int stbi__err(const char *str)
{
    stbi__g_failure_reason = str;
    return 0;
}

static void *stbi__malloc(size_t size)
{
    return STBI_MALLOC(size);
}

// stbi__err - error
// stbi__errpf - error returning pointer to float
// stbi__errpuc - error returning pointer to unsigned char

#ifdef STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
#define stbi__err(x, y) 0
#elif defined(STBI_FAILURE_USERMSG)
#define stbi__err(x, y) stbi__err(y)
#else
#define stbi__err(x, y) stbi__err(x)
#endif

#define stbi__errpf(x, y) ((float *)(size_t) (stbi__err(x, y) ? NULL : NULL))
#define stbi__errpuc(x, y) ((unsigned char *)(size_t) (stbi__err(x, y) ? NULL : NULL))

STBIDEF void stbi_image_free(void *retval_from_stbi_load)
{
    STBI_FREE(retval_from_stbi_load);
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
static float *stbi__ldr_to_hdr(stbi_uc *data, int x, int y, int comp);
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
static stbi_uc *stbi__hdr_to_ldr(float *data, int x, int y, int comp);
#endif

static int stbi__vertically_flip_on_load = 0;

STBIDEF void stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_flip)
{
    stbi__vertically_flip_on_load = flag_true_if_should_flip;
}

static unsigned char *stbi__load_main(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
    if (stbi__jpeg_test(s)) {
        return stbi__jpeg_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
    if (stbi__png_test(s)) {
        return stbi__png_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
    if (stbi__bmp_test(s)) {
        return stbi__bmp_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
    if (stbi__gif_test(s)) {
        return stbi__gif_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
    if (stbi__psd_test(s)) {
        return stbi__psd_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
    if (stbi__pic_test(s)) {
        return stbi__pic_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
    if (stbi__pnm_test(s)) {
        return stbi__pnm_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    if (stbi__hdr_test(s)) {
        float *hdr = stbi__hdr_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
        return stbi__hdr_to_ldr(hdr, *x, *y, req_comp ? req_comp : *comp);
    }
#endif
#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
    // test tga last because it's a crappy test!
    if (stbi__tga_test(s)) {
        return stbi__tga_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    }
#endif

    return stbi__errpuc("unknown image type", "Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
}

static unsigned char *stbi__load_flip(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    unsigned char *result = stbi__load_main(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load && result != NULL) {
        unsigned int w = *x;
        unsigned int h = *y;
        int depth = req_comp ? req_comp : *comp;
        unsigned int row;
        unsigned int col;
        unsigned int z;
        stbi_uc temp;
        // @OPTIMIZE: use a bigger temp buffer and memcpy_s multiple pixels at once
        for (row = 0; row < (h >> 1); row++) {
            for (col = 0; col < w; col++) {
                for (z = 0; z < depth; z++) {
                    temp = result[(row * w + col) * depth + z];
                    result[(row * w + col) * depth + z] = result[((h - row - 1) * w + col) * depth + z];
                    result[((h - row - 1) * w + col) * depth + z] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
static void stbi__float_postprocess(float *result, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    if (stbi__vertically_flip_on_load && result != NULL) {
        unsigned int w = *x;
        unsigned int h = *y;
        int depth = req_comp ? req_comp : *comp;
        int row;
        int col;
        int z;
        float temp;
        // @OPTIMIZE: use a bigger temp buffer and memcpy_s multiple pixels at once
        for (row = 0; row < (h >> 1); row++) {
            for (col = 0; col < w; col++) {
                for (z = 0; z < depth; z++) {
                    temp = result[(row * w + col) * depth + z];
                    result[(row * w + col) * depth + z] = result[((h - row - 1) * w + col) * depth + z];
                    result[((h - row - 1) * w + col) * depth + z] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO

static FILE *stbi__fopen(char const *filename, char const *mode)
{
    FILE *f;
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    if (0 != fopen_s(&f, filename, mode)) {
        f = 0;
    }
#else
    f = fopen(filename, mode);
#endif
    return f;
}


STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    FILE *f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
    unsigned char *result;
    if (!f) {
        return stbi__errpuc("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
    }
    result = stbi_load_from_file(f, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    fclose(f);
    return result;
}

STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    unsigned char *result;
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_file(&s, f);
    result = stbi__load_flip(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    if (result) {
        // need to 'unget' all the characters in the IO buffer
        fseek(f, -(int)(s.img_buffer_end - s.img_buffer), SEEK_CUR);
    }
    return result;
}
#endif //!STBI_NO_STDIO

STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
    return stbi__load_flip(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

STBIDEF stbi_uc *stbi_load_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk,
    void *user, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *)clbk, user);
    return stbi__load_flip(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
static float *stbi__loadf_main(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    unsigned char *data;
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    if (stbi__hdr_test(s)) {
        float *hdr_data = stbi__hdr_load(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
        if (hdr_data) {
            stbi__float_postprocess(hdr_data, x, y, comp, req_comp);
        }
        return hdr_data;
    }
#endif
    data = stbi__load_flip(s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    if (data) {
        return stbi__ldr_to_hdr(data, *x, *y, req_comp ? req_comp : *comp);
    }
    return stbi__errpf("unknown image type", "Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
}

STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
    return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user, int *x,
    int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *)clbk, user);
    return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    float *result;
    FILE *f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!f) {
        return stbi__errpf("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
    }
    result = stbi_loadf_from_file(f, x, y, comp, req_comp);
    fclose(f);
    return result;
}

STBIDEF float *stbi_loadf_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_file(&s, f);
    return stbi__loadf_main(&s, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}
#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO

#endif // !STBI_NO_LINEAR

// these is-hdr-or-not is defined independent of whether STBI_NO_LINEAR is
// defined, for API simplicity; if STBI_NO_LINEAR is defined, it always
// reports false!

STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len)
{
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
    return stbi__hdr_test(&s);
#else
    STBI_NOTUSED(buffer);
    STBI_NOTUSED(len);
    return 0;
#endif
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr(char const *filename)
{
    FILE *f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
    int result = 0;
    if (f) {
        result = stbi_is_hdr_from_file(f);
        fclose(f);
    }
    return result;
}

STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_file(FILE *f)
{
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_file(&s, f);
    return stbi__hdr_test(&s);
#else
    STBI_NOTUSED(f);
    return 0;
#endif
}
#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO

STBIDEF int stbi_is_hdr_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *clbk, void *user)
{
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *)clbk, user);
    return stbi__hdr_test(&s);
#else
    STBI_NOTUSED(clbk);
    STBI_NOTUSED(user);
    return 0;
#endif
}

static float stbi__h2l_gamma_i = 1.0f / 2.2f;
static float stbi__h2l_scale_i = 1.0f;
static float stbi__l2h_gamma = 2.2f;
static float stbi__l2h_scale = 1.0f;

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_gamma(float gamma)
{
    stbi__l2h_gamma = gamma;
}
STBIDEF void stbi_ldr_to_hdr_scale(float scale)
{
    stbi__l2h_scale = scale;
}
#endif

STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_gamma(float gamma)
{
    stbi__h2l_gamma_i = 1 / gamma;
}
STBIDEF void stbi_hdr_to_ldr_scale(float scale)
{
    stbi__h2l_scale_i = 1 / scale;
}


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Common code used by all image loaders
//

enum {
    STBI__SCAN_load = 0,
    STBI__SCAN_type,
    STBI__SCAN_header
};

static void stbi__refill_buffer(stbi__context *s)
{
    int n = (s->io.read)(s->io_user_data, (char*)s->buffer_start, s->buflen);
    if (n == 0) {
        // at end of file, treat same as if from memory, but need to handle case
        // where s->img_buffer isn't pointing to safe memory, e.g. 0-byte file
        s->read_from_callbacks = 0;
        s->img_buffer = s->buffer_start;
        s->img_buffer_end = s->buffer_start + 1;
        *s->img_buffer = 0;
    } else {
        s->img_buffer = s->buffer_start;
        s->img_buffer_end = s->buffer_start + n;
    }
}

stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__get8(stbi__context *s)
{
    if (s->img_buffer < s->img_buffer_end) {
        return *s->img_buffer++;
    }
    if (s->read_from_callbacks) {
        stbi__refill_buffer(s);
        return *s->img_buffer++;
    }
    return 0;
}

stbi_inline static int stbi__at_eof(stbi__context *s)
{
    if (s->io.read) {
        if (!(s->io.eof)(s->io_user_data)) {
            return 0;
        }
        // if feof() is true, check if buffer = end
        // special case: we've only got the special 0 character at the end
        if (s->read_from_callbacks == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return s->img_buffer >= s->img_buffer_end;
}

static void stbi__skip(stbi__context *s, int n)
{
    if (n < 0) {
        s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
        return;
    }
    if (s->io.read) {
        int blen = (int)(s->img_buffer_end - s->img_buffer);
        if (blen < n) {
            s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
            (s->io.skip)(s->io_user_data, n - blen);
            return;
        }
    }
    s->img_buffer += n;
}

static int stbi__getn(stbi__context *s, stbi_uc *buffer, int n)
{
    if (s->io.read) {
        int blen = (int)(s->img_buffer_end - s->img_buffer);
        if (blen < n) {
            int res, count;
            memcpy_s(buffer, n, s->img_buffer, blen);
            count = (s->io.read)(s->io_user_data, (char*)buffer + blen, n - blen);
            res = (count == (n - blen));
            s->img_buffer = s->img_buffer_end;
            return res;
        }
    }
    if (s->img_buffer + n <= s->img_buffer_end) {
        memcpy_s(buffer, n, s->img_buffer, n);
        s->img_buffer += n;
        return 1;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

static int stbi__get16be(stbi__context *s)
{
    const int offset = 8;
    unsigned int z = stbi__get8(s);
    return (z << offset) + stbi__get8(s);
}

static stbi__uint32 stbi__get32be(stbi__context *s)
{
    const int offset = 16;
    stbi__uint32 z = stbi__get16be(s);
    return (z << offset) + stbi__get16be(s);
}

#if defined(STBI_NO_BMP) && defined(STBI_NO_TGA) && defined(STBI_NO_GIF)
// nothing
#else
static int stbi__get16le(stbi__context *s)
{
    const int offset = 8;
    int z = stbi__get8(s);
    return z + (stbi__get8(s) << offset);
}
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
static stbi__uint32 stbi__get32le(stbi__context *s)
{
    const int offset = 16;
    stbi__uint32 z = stbi__get16le(s);
    return z + (stbi__get16le(s) << offset);
}
#endif

#define STBI__BYTECAST(x)  ((stbi_uc) ((x) & 255))  // truncate int to byte without warnings

// generic converter from built-in img_n to req_comp
// individual types do this automatically as much as possible (e.g. jpeg
// does all cases internally since it needs to colorspace convert anyway,
// and it never has alpha, so very few cases ). png can automatically
// interleave an alpha=255 channel, but falls back to this for other cases
//
// assume data buffer is malloced, so malloc a new one and free that one
// only failure mode is malloc failing

static stbi_uc stbi__compute_y(int r, int g, int b)
{
    const int rMultiples = 77;
    const int gMultiples = 150;
    const int bMultiples = 29;
    const int moveOffset = 8;
    return (stbi_uc)(((r * rMultiples) + (g * gMultiples) + (bMultiples * b)) >> moveOffset);
}

static unsigned char *stbi__convert_format(unsigned char *data, int img_n, int req_comp,
    unsigned int x, unsigned int y)
{
    int i;
    int j;
    unsigned char *good;
    const int offset = 4;
    if (req_comp == img_n) {
        return data;
    }
    STBI_ASSERT(req_comp >= 1 && req_comp <= offset);
    good = (unsigned char *)stbi__malloc(req_comp * x * y);
    if (good == NULL) {
        STBI_FREE(data);
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    for (j = 0; j < (int)y; ++j) {
        unsigned char *src = data + j * x * img_n;
        unsigned char *dest = good + j * x * req_comp;

#define COMBO(a, b) ((a) * 8 + (b))
#define CASE(a, b) case COMBO(a, b): for(i = x - 1; i >= 0; --i, src += a, dest += b)
        // convert source image with img_n components to one with req_comp components;
        // avoid switch per pixel, so use switch per scanline and massive macros
        switch (COMBO(img_n, req_comp)) {
            CASE(1, 2) dest[0] = src[0], dest[1] = 255; break;
            CASE(1, 3) dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; break;
            CASE(1, 4) dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0], dest[3] = 255; break;
            CASE(2, 1) dest[0] = src[0]; break;
            CASE(2, 3) dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0]; break;
            CASE(2, 4) dest[0] = dest[1] = dest[2] = src[0], dest[3] = src[1]; break;
            CASE(3, 4) dest[0] = src[0], dest[1] = src[1], dest[2] = src[2], dest[3] = 255; break;
            CASE(3, 1) dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]); break;
            CASE(3, 2) dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]), dest[1] = 255; break;
            CASE(4, 1) dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]); break;
            CASE(4, 2) dest[0] = stbi__compute_y(src[0], src[1], src[2]), dest[1] = src[3]; break;
            CASE(4, 3) dest[0] = src[0], dest[1] = src[1], dest[2] = src[2]; break;
            default: STBI_ASSERT(0);
        }
#undef CASE
    }
    STBI_FREE(data);
    return good;
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_LINEAR
static float *stbi__ldr_to_hdr(stbi_uc *data, int x, int y, int comp)
{
    int i;
    int k;
    int n;
    unsigned int unsigned_comp = comp;
    float *output = (float *)stbi__malloc(x * y * unsigned_comp * sizeof(float));
    if (output == NULL) {
        STBI_FREE(data); return stbi__errpf("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    // compute number of non-alpha components
    if (unsigned_comp & 1) {
        n = unsigned_comp;
    } else {
        n = unsigned_comp - 1;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < x * y; ++i) {
        for (k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
            output[i * unsigned_comp + k] = (float)(pow(data[i * unsigned_comp + k] / 255.0f,
                stbi__l2h_gamma) * stbi__l2h_scale);
        }
        if (k < unsigned_comp) {
            output[i * unsigned_comp + k] = data[i * unsigned_comp + k] / 255.0f;
        }
    }
    STBI_FREE(data);
    return output;
}
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
#define stbi__float2int(x) ((int) (x))
static stbi_uc *stbi__hdr_to_ldr(float *data, int x, int y, int comp)
{
    int i;
    int k;
    int n;
    unsigned int unsigned_comp = comp;
    const int maxSize = 255; // Number range of non-alpha components
    stbi_uc *output = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(x * y * unsigned_comp);
    if (output == NULL) {
        STBI_FREE(data);
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    // compute number of non-alpha components
    if (unsigned_comp & 1) {
        n = unsigned_comp;
    } else {
        n = unsigned_comp - 1;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < x * y; ++i) {
        for (k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
            float z = (float)pow(data[i * unsigned_comp + k] * stbi__h2l_scale_i, stbi__h2l_gamma_i) * maxSize + 0.5f;
            if (z < 0) {
                z = 0;
            }
            if (z > maxSize) {
                z = maxSize;
            }
            output[i * unsigned_comp + k] = (stbi_uc)stbi__float2int(z);
        }
        if (k < unsigned_comp) {
            float z = data[i * unsigned_comp + k] * maxSize + 0.5f;
            if (z < 0) {
                z = 0;
            }
            if (z > maxSize) {
                z = maxSize;
            }
            output[i * unsigned_comp + k] = (stbi_uc)stbi__float2int(z);
        }
    }
    STBI_FREE(data);
    return output;
}
#endif

//  "baseline" JPEG/JFIF decoder
//
// simple implementation
// - doesn't support delayed output of y-dimension
// - simple interface (only one output format: 8-bit interleaved RGB)
// - doesn't try to recover corrupt jpegs
// - doesn't allow partial loading, loading multiple at once
// - still fast on x86 (copying globals into locals doesn't help x86)
// - allocates lots of intermediate memory (full size of all components)
// - non-interleaved case requires this anyway
// - allows good upsampling (see next)
// high-quality
// - upsampled channels are bilinearly interpolated, even across blocks
// - quality integer IDCT derived from IJG's 'slow'
// performance
//  - fast huffman; reasonable integer IDCT
// - some SIMD kernels for common paths on targets with SSE2/NEON
// - uses a lot of intermediate memory, could cache poorly

#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG

// huffman decoding acceleration
#define FAST_BITS 9 // larger handles more cases; smaller stomps less cache

typedef struct {
    stbi_uc  fast[1 << FAST_BITS];
    // weirdly, repacking this into AoS is a 10% speed loss, instead of a win
    stbi__uint16 code[256];
    stbi_uc values[256];
    stbi_uc size[257];
    unsigned int maxcode[18];
    int delta[17]; // old 'firstsymbol' - old 'firstcode'
} stbi__huffman;

typedef struct {
    stbi__context *s;
    stbi__huffman huff_dc[4];
    stbi__huffman huff_ac[4];
    stbi_uc dequant[4][64];
    stbi__int16 fast_ac[4][1 << FAST_BITS];
    // sizes for components, interleaved MCUs
    int img_h_max;
    int img_v_max;
    int img_mcu_x;
    int img_mcu_y;
    int img_mcu_w;
    int img_mcu_h;
    // definition of jpeg image component
struct {
    int id;
    int h;
    int v;
    int tq;
    int hd;
    int ha;
    int dc_pred;
    int x;
    int y;
    int w2;
    int h2;
    stbi_uc *data;
    void *raw_data;
    void *raw_coeff;
    stbi_uc *linebuf;
    short *coeff; // progressive only
    int coeff_w;
    int coeff_h; // number of 8x8 coefficient blocks
} img_comp[4];

    stbi__uint32 code_buffer; // jpeg entropy-coded buffer
    int code_bits; // number of valid bits
    unsigned char marker; // marker seen while filling entropy buffer
    int nomore; // flag if we saw a marker so must stop
    int progressive;
    int spec_start;
    int spec_end;
    int succ_high;
    int succ_low;
    int eob_run;
    int scan_n;
    int order[4];
    int restart_interval;
    int todo;
    // kernels
    void(*idct_block_kernel)(stbi_uc *out, int out_stride, short data[64]);
    void(*YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel)(stbi_uc *out, const stbi_uc *y,
        const stbi_uc *pcb, const stbi_uc *pcr, int count, int step);
    stbi_uc *(*resample_row_hv_2_kernel)(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs);
} stbi__jpeg;

static int stbi__build_huffman(stbi__huffman *h, int *count)
{
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int j;
    unsigned int k = 0;
    unsigned int code;
    const int incrementSize = 16; // Incremental size of the build symbol
    const int maxSize = 255; // Non-accelerated flag
    // build size list for each symbol (from JPEG spec)
    for (i = 0; i < incrementSize; ++i) {
        for (j = 0; j < count[i]; ++j) {
            h->size[k++] = (stbi_uc)(i + 1);
        }
    }
    h->size[k] = 0;
    // compute actual symbols (from jpeg spec)
    code = 0;
    k = 0;
    for (j = 1; j <= incrementSize; ++j) {
        // compute delta to add to code to compute symbol id
        h->delta[j] = k - code;
        if (h->size[k] == j) {
            while (h->size[k] == j) {
                h->code[k++] = (stbi__uint16)(code++);
            }
            if (code - 1 >= (1 << j)) {
                return stbi__err("bad code lengths", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
        }
        // compute largest code + 1 for this size, preshifted as needed later
        h->maxcode[j] = code << (incrementSize - j);
        code <<= 1;
    }
    h->maxcode[j] = 0xffffffff;
    // build non-spec acceleration table; 255 is flag for not-accelerated
    FillMemory(h->fast, 1 << FAST_BITS, maxSize);
    for (i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
        unsigned int s = h->size[i];
        if (s <= FAST_BITS) {
            int c = h->code[i] << (FAST_BITS - s);
            int m = 1 << (FAST_BITS - s);
            for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
                h->fast[c + j] = (stbi_uc)i;
            }
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

// build a table that decodes both magnitude and value of small ACs in
// one go.
static void stbi__build_fast_ac(stbi__int16 *fast_ac, stbi__huffman *h)
{
    int i;
    const int minOffset = 4;
    const int maxOffset = 8;
    const int offsetFlag = 15;
    const int negativeNum = -128; // Amplitude and Value Minimum
    const int positiveNum = 127; // Magnitude and Value Maximum
    const int maxSize = 255; // Space Range of Fast
    for (i = 0; i < (1 << FAST_BITS); ++i) {
        stbi_uc fast = h->fast[i];
        fast_ac[i] = 0;
        if (fast < maxSize) {
            int rs = h->values[fast];
            int run = (rs >> minOffset) & offsetFlag;
            int magbits = rs & offsetFlag;
            int len = h->size[fast];
            if (magbits && len + magbits <= FAST_BITS) {
                // magnitude code followed by receive_extend code
                int k = ((i << len) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1)) >> (FAST_BITS - magbits);
                int m = 1 << (magbits - 1);
                if (k < m) {
                    k += (-1 << magbits) + 1;
                }
                // if the result is small enough, we can fit it in fast_ac table
                if (k >= negativeNum && k <= positiveNum) {
                    fast_ac[i] = (stbi__int16)((k << maxOffset) + (run << minOffset) + (len + magbits));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    const int codeLen = 8; // Code Bit Value
    const int offsetValue = 24; // Size of the buffer
    do {
        unsigned int b = j->nomore ? 0 : stbi__get8(j->s);
        if (b == 0xff) {
            int c = stbi__get8(j->s);
            if (c != 0) {
                j->marker = (unsigned char)c;
                j->nomore = 1;
                return;
            }
        }
        j->code_buffer |= (unsigned int)(b << (offsetValue - j->code_bits));
        j->code_bits += codeLen;
    } while (j->code_bits <= offsetValue);
}

// (1 << n) - 1
static stbi__uint32 stbi__bmask[17] = {0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023, 2047, 4095, 8191, 16383, 32767, 65535};

// decode a jpeg huffman value from the bitstream
stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(stbi__jpeg *j, stbi__huffman *h)
{
    unsigned int temp;
    int c;
    int k;
    const int codeLen = 16;
    const int bitValue = 17; // Status when the k bit of the naive test is 17
    const int bufferValue = 32; // Buffer size
    const int maxSize = 255; // The value range of k bits in the naive test is less than 255.
    if (j->code_bits < codeLen) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    // look at the top FAST_BITS and determine what symbol ID it is,
    // if the code is <= FAST_BITS
    c = (j->code_buffer >> (bufferValue - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
    k = h->fast[c];
    if (k < maxSize) {
        int s = h->size[k];
        if (s > j->code_bits) {
            return -1;
        }
        j->code_buffer <<= s;
        j->code_bits -= s;
        return h->values[k];
    }

    // naive test is to shift the code_buffer down so k bits are
    // valid, then test against maxcode. To speed this up, we've
    // preshifted maxcode left so that it has (16-k) 0s at the
    // end; in other words, regardless of the number of bits, it
    // wants to be compared against something shifted to have 16;
    // that way we don't need to shift inside the loop.
    temp = j->code_buffer >> codeLen;
    for (k = FAST_BITS + 1; ; ++k)
        if (temp < h->maxcode[k]) {
            break;
        }
    if (k == bitValue) {
        // error! code not found
        j->code_bits -= codeLen;
        return -1;
    }
    if (k > j->code_bits) {
        return -1;
    }
    // convert the huffman code to the symbol id
    c = ((j->code_buffer >> (bufferValue - k)) & stbi__bmask[k]) + h->delta[k];
    STBI_ASSERT((((j->code_buffer) >> (bufferValue - h->size[c])) & stbi__bmask[h->size[c]]) == h->code[c]);
    // convert the id to a symbol
    j->code_bits -= k;
    j->code_buffer <<= k;
    return h->values[c];
}

// bias[n] = (-1<<n) + 1
static int const stbi__jbias[16] = {0, -1, -3, -7, -15, -31, -63, -127, -255, -511, -1023, -2047, -4095, -8191, -16383, -32767};

// combined JPEG 'receive' and JPEG 'extend', since baseline
// always extends everything it receives.
stbi_inline static int stbi__extend_receive(stbi__jpeg *j, int n)
{
    unsigned int k;
    int sgn;
    const int offset = 31;
    if (j->code_bits < n) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    sgn = (stbi__int32)j->code_buffer >> offset; // sign bit is always in MSB
    k = stbi_lrot(j->code_buffer, n);
    STBI_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < (int)(sizeof(stbi__bmask) / sizeof(*stbi__bmask)));
    j->code_buffer = k & ~stbi__bmask[n];
    k &= stbi__bmask[n];
    j->code_bits -= n;
    return k + (stbi__jbias[n] & ~sgn);
}

// get some unsigned bits
stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_get_bits(stbi__jpeg *j, int n)
{
    unsigned int k;
    if (j->code_bits < n) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    k = stbi_lrot(j->code_buffer, n);
    j->code_buffer = k & ~stbi__bmask[n];
    k &= stbi__bmask[n];
    j->code_bits -= n;
    return k;
}

stbi_inline static int stbi__jpeg_get_bit(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    unsigned int k;
    if (j->code_bits < 1) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    k = j->code_buffer;
    j->code_buffer <<= 1;
    --j->code_bits;
    return k & 0x80000000;
}

// given a value that's at position X in the zigzag stream,
// where does it appear in the 8x8 matrix coded as row-major?
static stbi_uc stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[64 + 15] = {
    0, 1, 8, 16, 9, 2, 3, 10,
    17, 24, 32, 25, 18, 11, 4, 5,
    12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 48, 41, 34,
    27, 20, 13, 6, 7, 14, 21, 28,
    35, 42, 49, 56, 57, 50, 43, 36,
    29, 22, 15, 23, 30, 37, 44, 51,
    58, 59, 52, 45, 38, 31, 39, 46,
    53, 60, 61, 54, 47, 55, 62, 63,
    // let corrupt input sample past end
    63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63,
    63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63};

// decode one 64-entry block--
static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block(stbi__jpeg *j, short data[64], stbi__huffman *hdc,
    stbi__huffman *hac, stbi__int16 *fac, int b, stbi_uc *dequant)
{
    int diff;
    int dc;
    int k;
    int t;
    const int minOffset = 4;
    const int maxOffset = 8;
    const int offsetFlag = 15;
    const int codeLen = 16; // grow buffer unsafe
    const int bufferValue = 32; // buffer size
    const int FlagValue = 64; // 64-entry block
    if (j->code_bits < codeLen) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    t = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hdc);
    if (t < 0) {
        return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    // 0 all the ac values now so we can do it 32-bits at a time
    SecureZeroMemory(data, FlagValue * sizeof(data[0]));
    diff = t ? stbi__extend_receive(j, t) : 0;
    dc = j->img_comp[b].dc_pred + diff;
    j->img_comp[b].dc_pred = dc;
    data[0] = (short)(dc * dequant[0]);
    // decode AC components, see JPEG spec
    k = 1;
    do {
        unsigned int zig;
        unsigned int c;
        unsigned int r;
        unsigned int s;
        if (j->code_bits < codeLen) {
            stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
        }
        c = (j->code_buffer >> (bufferValue - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
        r = fac[c];
        if (r) { // fast-AC path
            k += (r >> minOffset) & offsetFlag; // run
            s = r & offsetFlag; // combined length
            j->code_buffer <<= s;
            j->code_bits -= s;
            // decode into unzigzag'd location
            zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
            data[zig] = (short)((r >> maxOffset) * dequant[zig]);
        } else {
            unsigned int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hac);
            if (rs < 0) {
                return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
            s = rs & offsetFlag;
            r = rs >> minOffset;
            if (s == 0) {
                if (rs != 0xf0) break; // end block
                k += codeLen;
            } else {
                k += r;
                // decode into unzigzag'd location
                zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
                data[zig] = (short)(stbi__extend_receive(j, s) * dequant[zig]);
            }
        }
    } while (k < FlagValue);
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(stbi__jpeg *j, short data[64], stbi__huffman *hdc, int b)
{
    int diff;
    int dc;
    int t;
    const int codeLen = 16; // grow buffer unsafe
    const int dataMultiples = 32; // ac values
    if (j->spec_end != 0) {
        return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    if (j->code_bits < codeLen) {
        stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
    }
    if (j->succ_high == 0) {
        // first scan for DC coefficient, must be first
        SecureZeroMemory(data, dataMultiples * sizeof(data[0])); // 0 all the ac values now
        t = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hdc);
        diff = t ? stbi__extend_receive(j, t) : 0;
        dc = j->img_comp[b].dc_pred + diff;
        j->img_comp[b].dc_pred = dc;
        data[0] = (short)(dc << j->succ_low);
    } else {
        // refinement scan for DC coefficient
        if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) {
            data[0] += (short)(1 << j->succ_low);
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

// @OPTIMIZE: store non-zigzagged during the decode passes,
// and only de-zigzag when dequantizing
static int stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_ac(stbi__jpeg *j, short data[64], stbi__huffman *hac, stbi__int16 *fac)
{
    int k;
    const int offsetFlag = 15;
    const int codeLen = 16; // grow buffer unsafe
    const int bufferNum = 32; // buffer size
    const int rsOffset = 4;
    const int rOffset = 8;
    const int assignValue = 64; // force end of block
    if (j->spec_start == 0) {
        return stbi__err("can't merge dc and ac", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    if (j->succ_high == 0) {
        int shift = j->succ_low;
        if (j->eob_run) {
            --j->eob_run;
            return 1;
        }
        k = j->spec_start;
        do {
            unsigned int zig;
            int c;
            int r;
            int s;
            if (j->code_bits < codeLen) {
                stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(j);
            }
            c = (j->code_buffer >> (bufferNum - FAST_BITS)) & ((1 << FAST_BITS) - 1);
            r = fac[c];
            if (r) { // fast-AC path
                k += (r >> rsOffset) & offsetFlag; // run
                s = r & offsetFlag; // combined length
                j->code_buffer <<= s;
                j->code_bits -= s;
                zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
                data[zig] = (short)((r >> rOffset) << shift);
            } else {
                int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hac);
                if (rs < 0) {
                    return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
                }
                s = rs & offsetFlag;
                r = rs >> rsOffset;
                if (s == 0) {
                    if (r < offsetFlag) {
                        j->eob_run = (1 << r);
                        if (r) {
                            j->eob_run += stbi__jpeg_get_bits(j, r);
                        }
                        --j->eob_run;
                        break;
                    }
                    k += codeLen;
                } else {
                    k += r;
                    zig = stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++];
                    data[zig] = (short)(stbi__extend_receive(j, s) << shift);
                }
            }
        } while (k <= j->spec_end);
    } else {
        // refinement scan for these AC coefficients
        short bit = (short)(1 << j->succ_low);
        if (j->eob_run) {
            --j->eob_run;
            for (k = j->spec_start; k <= j->spec_end; ++k) {
                short *p = &data[stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k]];
                if (*p != 0) {
                    if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) {
                        if ((*p & bit) == 0) {
                            if (*p > 0) {
                                *p += bit;
                            } else {
                                *p -= bit;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            k = j->spec_start;
            do {
                int r;
                int s;
                // @OPTIMIZE see if we can use the fast path here, advance-by-r is so slow, eh
                int rs = stbi__jpeg_huff_decode(j, hac);
                if (rs < 0) {
                    return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
                }
                s = rs & offsetFlag;
                r = rs >> rsOffset;
                if (s == 0) {
                    if (r < offsetFlag) {
                        j->eob_run = (1 << r) - 1;
                        if (r) {
                            j->eob_run += stbi__jpeg_get_bits(j, r);
                        }
                        r = assignValue; // force end of block
                    } else {
                        // r=15 s=0 should write 16 0s, so we just do
                        // a run of 15 0s and then write s (which is 0),
                        // so we don't have to do anything special here
                    }
                } else {
                    if (s != 1) {
                        return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt JPEG");
                    }
                    // sign bit
                    if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) {
                        s = bit;
                    } else {
                        s = -bit;
                    }
                }
                // advance by r
                while (k <= j->spec_end) {
                    short *p = &data[stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[k++]];
                    if (*p != 0) {
                        if (stbi__jpeg_get_bit(j)) {
                            if ((*p & bit) == 0) {
                                if (*p > 0) {
                                    *p += bit;
                                } else {
                                    *p -= bit;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (r == 0) {
                            *p = (short)s;
                            break;
                        }
                        --r;
                    }
                }
            } while (k <= j->spec_end);
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

// take a -128..127 value and stbi__clamp it and convert to 0..255
stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__clamp(int x)
{
    constexpr int clampLen = 255; // Range of stbi clamp values
    // trick to use a single test to catch both cases
    if ((unsigned int)x > clampLen) {
        if (x < 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (x > clampLen) {
            return clampLen;
        }
    }
    return (stbi_uc)x;
}

#define stbi__f2f(x) ((int) (((x) * 4096 + 0.5)))
#define stbi__fsh(x) ((x) << 12)

// derived from jidctint -- DCT_ISLOW
#define STBI__IDCT_1D(s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7)       \
    int t0, t1, t2, t3, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, x0, x1, x2, x3; \
    p2 = s2;                                                \
    p3 = s6;                                                \
    p1 = (p2 + p3) * stbi__f2f(0.5411961f);                 \
    t2 = p1 + p3 * stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f);                \
    t3 = p1 + p2 * stbi__f2f(0.765366865f);                 \
    p2 = s0;                                                \
    p3 = s4;                                                \
    t0 = stbi__fsh(p2 + p3);                                \
    t1 = stbi__fsh(p2 - p3);                                \
    x0 = t0 + t3;                                           \
    x3 = t0 - t3;                                           \
    x1 = t1 + t2;                                           \
    x2 = t1 - t2;                                           \
    t0 = s7;                                                \
    t1 = s5;                                                \
    t2 = s3;                                                \
    t3 = s1;                                                \
    p3 = t0 + t2;                                           \
    p4 = t1 + t3;                                           \
    p1 = t0 + t3;                                           \
    p2 = t1 + t2;                                           \
    p5 = (p3 + p4) * stbi__f2f(1.175875602f);               \
    t0 = t0 * stbi__f2f(0.298631336f);                      \
    t1 = t1 * stbi__f2f(2.053119869f);                      \
    t2 = t2 * stbi__f2f(3.072711026f);                      \
    t3 = t3 * stbi__f2f(1.501321110f);                      \
    p1 = p5 + p1 * stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f);                \
    p2 = p5 + p2 * stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f);                \
    p3 = p3 * stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f);                     \
    p4 = p4 * stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f);                     \
    t3 += p1 + p4;                                          \
    t2 += p2 + p3;                                          \
    t1 += p2 + p4;                                          \
    t0 += p1 + p3;

static void stbi__idct_block(stbi_uc *out, int out_stride, short data[64])
{
    int i;
    int val[64];
    int *v = val;
    stbi_uc *o;
    short *d = data;
    const int columns = 8; // columns
    const int dOffset = 2;
    const int vOffset = 10;
    const int addNum = 512;
    const int offset = 17;
    const int offValue = 128;
    const int roundNum = 65536; // For rounding, add 0.5 * 1<<17,is 65536.
    // columns
    for (i = 0; i < columns; ++i, ++d, ++v) {
        // if all zeroes, shortcut -- this avoids dequantizing 0s and IDCTing
        if (d[8] == 0 && d[16] == 0 && d[24] == 0 && d[32] == 0
            && d[40] == 0 && d[48] == 0 && d[56] == 0) {
            // no shortcut                 0     seconds
            // (1|2|3|4|5|6|7)==0          0     seconds
            // all separate               -0.047 seconds
            // 1 && 2|3 && 4|5 && 6|7:    -0.047 seconds
            int dcterm = d[0] << dOffset;
            v[0] = v[8] = v[16] = v[24] = v[32] = v[40] = v[48] = v[56] = dcterm;
        } else {
            STBI__IDCT_1D(d[0], d[8], d[16], d[24], d[32], d[40], d[48], d[56])
            // constants scaled things up by 1<<12; let's bring them back
            // down, but keep 2 extra bits of precision
            x0 += addNum;
            x1 += addNum;
            x2 += addNum;
            x3 += addNum;
            v[0] = (x0 + t3) >> vOffset;
            v[56] = (x0 - t3) >> vOffset;
            v[8] = (x1 + t2) >> vOffset;
            v[48] = (x1 - t2) >> vOffset;
            v[16] = (x2 + t1) >> vOffset;
            v[40] = (x2 - t1) >> vOffset;
            v[24] = (x3 + t0) >> vOffset;
            v[32] = (x3 - t0) >> vOffset;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0, v = val, o = out; i < columns; ++i, v += columns, o += out_stride) {
        // no fast case since the first 1D IDCT spread components out
        STBI__IDCT_1D(v[0], v[1], v[2], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6], v[7])
        // constants scaled things up by 1<<12, plus we had 1<<2 from first
        // loop, plus horizontal and vertical each scale by sqrt(8) so together
        // we've got an extra 1<<3, so 1<<17 total we need to remove.
        // so we want to round that, which means adding 0.5 * 1<<17,
        // aka 65536. Also, we'll end up with -128 to 127 that we want
        // to encode as 0..255 by adding 128, so we'll add that before the shift
        x0 += roundNum + (offValue << offset);
        x1 += roundNum + (offValue << offset);
        x2 += roundNum + (offValue << offset);
        x3 += roundNum + (offValue << offset);
        // tried computing the shifts into temps, or'ing the temps to see
        // if any were out of range, but that was slower
        o[0] = stbi__clamp((x0 + t3) >> offset);
        o[7] = stbi__clamp((x0 - t3) >> offset);
        o[1] = stbi__clamp((x1 + t2) >> offset);
        o[6] = stbi__clamp((x1 - t2) >> offset);
        o[2] = stbi__clamp((x2 + t1) >> offset);
        o[5] = stbi__clamp((x2 - t1) >> offset);
        o[3] = stbi__clamp((x3 + t0) >> offset);
        o[4] = stbi__clamp((x3 - t0) >> offset);
    }
}

#ifdef STBI_SSE2
// sse2 integer IDCT. not the fastest possible implementation but it
// produces bit-identical results to the generic C version so it's
// fully "transparent".
static void stbi__idct_simd(stbi_uc *out, int out_stride, short data[64])
{
    // This is constructed to match our regular (generic) integer IDCT exactly.
    __m128i row0;
    __m128i row1;
    __m128i row2;
    __m128i row3;
    __m128i row4;
    __m128i row5;
    __m128i row6;
    __m128i row7;
    __m128i tmp;

    // dot product constant: even elems=x, odd elems=y
#define dct_const(x, y) _mm_setr_epi16((x), (y), (x), (y), (x), (y), (x), (y))

// out(0) = c0[even]*x + c0[odd]*y   (c0, x, y 16-bit, out 32-bit)
// out(1) = c1[even]*x + c1[odd]*y
#define dct_rot(out0, out1, x, y, c0, c1)          \
    __m128i c0##lo = _mm_unpacklo_epi16((x), (y)); \
    __m128i c0##hi = _mm_unpackhi_epi16((x), (y)); \
    __m128i out0##_l = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##lo, c0); \
    __m128i out0##_h = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##hi, c0); \
    __m128i out1##_l = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##lo, c1); \
    __m128i out1##_h = _mm_madd_epi16(c0##hi, c1)

// out = in << 12  (in 16-bit, out 32-bit)
#define dct_widen(out, in)                                                              \
    __m128i out##_l = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_unpacklo_epi16(_mm_setzero_si128(), (in)), 4); \
    __m128i out##_h = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi16(_mm_setzero_si128(), (in)), 4)

// wide add
#define dct_wadd(out, a, b)                        \
    __m128i out##_l = _mm_add_epi32(a##_l, b##_l); \
    __m128i out##_h = _mm_add_epi32(a##_h, b##_h)

// wide sub
#define dct_wsub(out, a, b)                        \
    __m128i out##_l = _mm_sub_epi32(a##_l, b##_l); \
    __m128i out##_h = _mm_sub_epi32(a##_h, b##_h)

// butterfly a/b, add bias, then shift by "s" and pack
#define dct_bfly32o(out0, out1, a, b, bias, s)                                      \
    {                                                                               \
        __m128i abiased_l = _mm_add_epi32(a##_l, bias);                             \
        __m128i abiased_h = _mm_add_epi32(a##_h, bias);                             \
        dct_wadd(sum, abiased, b);                                                  \
        dct_wsub(dif, abiased, b);                                                  \
        out0 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_srai_epi32(sum_l, s), _mm_srai_epi32(sum_h, s)); \
        out1 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_srai_epi32(dif_l, s), _mm_srai_epi32(dif_h, s)); \
    }

// 8-bit interleave step (for transposes)
#define dct_interleave8(a, b)    \
    tmp = a;                     \
    a = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(a, b); \
    b = _mm_unpackhi_epi8(tmp, b)

// 16-bit interleave step (for transposes)
#define dct_interleave16(a, b)    \
    tmp = a;                      \
    a = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(a, b); \
    b = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(tmp, b)
#define dct_pass(bias, shift)                            \
    {                                                    \
        /* even part */                                  \
        dct_rot(t2e, t3e, row2, row6, rot0_0, rot0_1);   \
        __m128i sum04 = _mm_add_epi16(row0, row4);       \
        __m128i dif04 = _mm_sub_epi16(row0, row4);       \
        dct_widen(t0e, sum04);                           \
        dct_widen(t1e, dif04);                           \
        dct_wadd(x0, t0e, t3e);                          \
        dct_wsub(x3, t0e, t3e);                          \
        dct_wadd(x1, t1e, t2e);                          \
        dct_wsub(x2, t1e, t2e);                          \
        /* odd part */                                   \
        dct_rot(y0o, y2o, row7, row3, rot2_0, rot2_1);   \
        dct_rot(y1o, y3o, row5, row1, rot3_0, rot3_1);   \
        __m128i sum17 = _mm_add_epi16(row1, row7);       \
        __m128i sum35 = _mm_add_epi16(row3, row5);       \
        dct_rot(y4o, y5o, sum17, sum35, rot1_0, rot1_1); \
        dct_wadd(x4, y0o, y4o);                          \
        dct_wadd(x5, y1o, y5o);                          \
        dct_wadd(x6, y2o, y5o);                          \
        dct_wadd(x7, y3o, y4o);                          \
        dct_bfly32o(row0, row7, x0, x7, bias, shift);    \
        dct_bfly32o(row1, row6, x1, x6, bias, shift);    \
        dct_bfly32o(row2, row5, x2, x5, bias, shift);    \
        dct_bfly32o(row3, row4, x3, x4, bias, shift);    \
    }

    __m128i rot0_0 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f), stbi__f2f(0.5411961f) + stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f));
    __m128i rot0_1 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f) + stbi__f2f(0.765366865f), stbi__f2f(0.5411961f));
    __m128i rot1_0 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f) + stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f), stbi__f2f(1.175875602f));
    __m128i rot1_1 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f), stbi__f2f(1.175875602f) + stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f));
    __m128i rot2_0 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f) + stbi__f2f(0.298631336f), stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f));
    __m128i rot2_1 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f), stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f) + stbi__f2f(3.072711026f));
    __m128i rot3_0 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f) + stbi__f2f(2.053119869f), stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f));
    __m128i rot3_1 = dct_const(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f), stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f) + stbi__f2f(1.501321110f));

    // rounding biases in column/row passes, see stbi__idct_block for explanation.
    __m128i bias_0 = _mm_set1_epi32(512);
    __m128i bias_1 = _mm_set1_epi32(65536 + (128 << 17));

    // load
    row0 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 0 * 8));
    row1 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 1 * 8));
    row2 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 2 * 8));
    row3 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 3 * 8));
    row4 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 4 * 8));
    row5 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 5 * 8));
    row6 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 6 * 8));
    row7 = _mm_load_si128((const __m128i *)(data + 7 * 8));
    // column pass
    dct_pass(bias_0, 10);

    {
        // 16bit 8x8 transpose pass 1
        dct_interleave16(row0, row4);
        dct_interleave16(row1, row5);
        dct_interleave16(row2, row6);
        dct_interleave16(row3, row7);

        // transpose pass 2
        dct_interleave16(row0, row2);
        dct_interleave16(row1, row3);
        dct_interleave16(row4, row6);
        dct_interleave16(row5, row7);

        // transpose pass 3
        dct_interleave16(row0, row1);
        dct_interleave16(row2, row3);
        dct_interleave16(row4, row5);
        dct_interleave16(row6, row7);
    }
    // row pass
    dct_pass(bias_1, 17);

    {
        // pack
        __m128i p0 = _mm_packus_epi16(row0, row1); // a0a1a2a3...a7b0b1b2b3...b7
        __m128i p1 = _mm_packus_epi16(row2, row3);
        __m128i p2 = _mm_packus_epi16(row4, row5);
        __m128i p3 = _mm_packus_epi16(row6, row7);

        // 8bit 8x8 transpose pass 1
        dct_interleave8(p0, p2); // a0e0a1e1...
        dct_interleave8(p1, p3); // c0g0c1g1...

        // transpose pass 2
        dct_interleave8(p0, p1); // a0c0e0g0...
        dct_interleave8(p2, p3); // b0d0f0h0...

        // transpose pass 3
        dct_interleave8(p0, p2); // a0b0c0d0...
        dct_interleave8(p1, p3); // a4b4c4d4...

        // store
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, p0);
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p0, 0x4e));
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, p2);
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p2, 0x4e));
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, p1);
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p1, 0x4e));
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, p3);
        out += out_stride;
        _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)out, _mm_shuffle_epi32(p3, 0x4e));
    }

#undef dct_const
#undef dct_rot
#undef dct_widen
#undef dct_wadd
#undef dct_wsub
#undef dct_bfly32o
#undef dct_interleave8
#undef dct_interleave16
#undef dct_pass
}

#endif // STBI_SSE2

#ifdef STBI_NEON

// NEON integer IDCT. should produce bit-identical
// results to the generic C version.
static void stbi__idct_simd(stbi_uc *out, int out_stride, short data[64])
{
    int16x8_t row0, row1, row2, row3, row4, row5, row6, row7;
    int16x4_t rot0_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.5411961f));
    int16x4_t rot0_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-1.847759065f));
    int16x4_t rot0_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.765366865f));
    int16x4_t rot1_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(1.175875602f));
    int16x4_t rot1_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-0.899976223f));
    int16x4_t rot1_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-2.562915447f));
    int16x4_t rot2_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-1.961570560f));
    int16x4_t rot2_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(-0.390180644f));
    int16x4_t rot3_0 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(0.298631336f));
    int16x4_t rot3_1 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(2.053119869f));
    int16x4_t rot3_2 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(3.072711026f));
    int16x4_t rot3_3 = vdup_n_s16(stbi__f2f(1.501321110f));

#define dct_long_mul(out, inq, coeff) \
int32x4_t out##_l = vmull_s16(vget_low_s16(inq), coeff); \
int32x4_t out##_h = vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(inq), coeff)

#define dct_long_mac(out, acc, inq, coeff) \
int32x4_t out##_l = vmlal_s16(acc##_l, vget_low_s16(inq), coeff); \
int32x4_t out##_h = vmlal_s16(acc##_h, vget_high_s16(inq), coeff)

#define dct_widen(out, inq) \
int32x4_t out##_l = vshll_n_s16(vget_low_s16(inq), 12); \
int32x4_t out##_h = vshll_n_s16(vget_high_s16(inq), 12)

// wide add
#define dct_wadd(out, a, b) \
int32x4_t out##_l = vaddq_s32(a##_l, b##_l); \
int32x4_t out##_h = vaddq_s32(a##_h, b##_h)

// wide sub
#define dct_wsub(out, a, b) \
int32x4_t out##_l = vsubq_s32(a##_l, b##_l); \
int32x4_t out##_h = vsubq_s32(a##_h, b##_h)

// butterfly a/b, then shift using "shiftop" by "s" and pack
#define dct_bfly32o(out0,out1, a,b,shiftop,s) \
    { \
        dct_wadd(sum, a, b); \
        dct_wsub(dif, a, b); \
        out0 = vcombine_s16(shiftop(sum_l, s), shiftop(sum_h, s)); \
        out1 = vcombine_s16(shiftop(dif_l, s), shiftop(dif_h, s)); \
    }

#define dct_pass(shiftop, shift) \
   { \
        /* even part */ \
        int16x8_t sum26 = vaddq_s16(row2, row6); \
        dct_long_mul(p1e, sum26, rot0_0); \
        dct_long_mac(t2e, p1e, row6, rot0_1); \
        dct_long_mac(t3e, p1e, row2, rot0_2); \
        int16x8_t sum04 = vaddq_s16(row0, row4); \
        int16x8_t dif04 = vsubq_s16(row0, row4); \
        dct_widen(t0e, sum04); \
        dct_widen(t1e, dif04); \
        dct_wadd(x0, t0e, t3e); \
        dct_wsub(x3, t0e, t3e); \
        dct_wadd(x1, t1e, t2e); \
        dct_wsub(x2, t1e, t2e); \
        /* odd part */ \
        int16x8_t sum15 = vaddq_s16(row1, row5); \
        int16x8_t sum17 = vaddq_s16(row1, row7); \
        int16x8_t sum35 = vaddq_s16(row3, row5); \
        int16x8_t sum37 = vaddq_s16(row3, row7); \
        int16x8_t sumodd = vaddq_s16(sum17, sum35); \
        dct_long_mul(p5o, sumodd, rot1_0); \
        dct_long_mac(p1o, p5o, sum17, rot1_1); \
        dct_long_mac(p2o, p5o, sum35, rot1_2); \
        dct_long_mul(p3o, sum37, rot2_0); \
        dct_long_mul(p4o, sum15, rot2_1); \
        dct_wadd(sump13o, p1o, p3o); \
        dct_wadd(sump24o, p2o, p4o); \
        dct_wadd(sump23o, p2o, p3o); \
        dct_wadd(sump14o, p1o, p4o); \
        dct_long_mac(x4, sump13o, row7, rot3_0); \
        dct_long_mac(x5, sump24o, row5, rot3_1); \
        dct_long_mac(x6, sump23o, row3, rot3_2); \
        dct_long_mac(x7, sump14o, row1, rot3_3); \
        dct_bfly32o(row0,row7, x0,x7,shiftop,shift); \
        dct_bfly32o(row1,row6, x1,x6,shiftop,shift); \
        dct_bfly32o(row2,row5, x2,x5,shiftop,shift); \
        dct_bfly32o(row3,row4, x3,x4,shiftop,shift); \
    }
    // load
    row0 = vld1q_s16(data + 0 * 8);
    row1 = vld1q_s16(data + 1 * 8);
    row2 = vld1q_s16(data + 2 * 8);
    row3 = vld1q_s16(data + 3 * 8);
    row4 = vld1q_s16(data + 4 * 8);
    row5 = vld1q_s16(data + 5 * 8);
    row6 = vld1q_s16(data + 6 * 8);
    row7 = vld1q_s16(data + 7 * 8);

    // add DC bias
    row0 = vaddq_s16(row0, vsetq_lane_s16(1024, vdupq_n_s16(0), 0));
    // column pass
    dct_pass(vrshrn_n_s32, 10);
    // 16bit 8x8 transpose
    {
// these three map to a single VTRN.16, VTRN.32, and VSWP, respectively.
// whether compilers actually get this is another story, sadly.
#define dct_trn16(x, y)
    {
        int16x8x2_t t = vtrnq_s16(x, y);
        x = t.val[0];
        y = t.val[1];
    }
#define dct_trn32(x, y)
    {
        int32x4x2_t t = vtrnq_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_s16(x), vreinterpretq_s32_s16(y));
        x = vreinterpretq_s16_s32(t.val[0]);
        y = vreinterpretq_s16_s32(t.val[1]);
    }
#define dct_trn64(x, y)
    {
        int16x8_t x0 = x;
        int16x8_t y0 = y;
        x = vcombine_s16(vget_low_s16(x0), vget_low_s16(y0));
        y = vcombine_s16(vget_high_s16(x0), vget_high_s16(y0));
    }

        // pass 1
        dct_trn16(row0, row1); // a0b0a2b2a4b4a6b6
        dct_trn16(row2, row3);
        dct_trn16(row4, row5);
        dct_trn16(row6, row7);
        // pass 2
        dct_trn32(row0, row2); // a0b0c0d0a4b4c4d4
        dct_trn32(row1, row3);
        dct_trn32(row4, row6);
        dct_trn32(row5, row7);
        // pass 3
        dct_trn64(row0, row4); // a0b0c0d0e0f0g0h0
        dct_trn64(row1, row5);
        dct_trn64(row2, row6);
        dct_trn64(row3, row7);

#undef dct_trn16
#undef dct_trn32
#undef dct_trn64
    }

    // row pass
    // vrshrn_n_s32 only supports shifts up to 16, we need
    // 17. so do a non-rounding shift of 16 first then follow
    // up with a rounding shift by 1.
    dct_pass(vshrn_n_s32, 16);

    {
        // pack and round
        uint8x8_t p0 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row0, 1);
        uint8x8_t p1 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row1, 1);
        uint8x8_t p2 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row2, 1);
        uint8x8_t p3 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row3, 1);
        uint8x8_t p4 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row4, 1);
        uint8x8_t p5 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row5, 1);
        uint8x8_t p6 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row6, 1);
        uint8x8_t p7 = vqrshrun_n_s16(row7, 1);

// again, these can translate into one instruction, but often don't.
#define dct_trn8_8(x, y)
    {
        uint8x8x2_t t = vtrn_u8(x, y);
        x = t.val[0];
        y = t.val[1];
    }
#define dct_trn8_16(x, y)
    {
        uint16x4x2_t t = vtrn_u16(vreinterpret_u16_u8(x), vreinterpret_u16_u8(y));
        x = vreinterpret_u8_u16(t.val[0]);
        y = vreinterpret_u8_u16(t.val[1]);
    }
#define dct_trn8_32(x, y)
    {
        uint32x2x2_t t = vtrn_u32(vreinterpret_u32_u8(x), vreinterpret_u32_u8(y));
        x = vreinterpret_u8_u32(t.val[0]);
        y = vreinterpret_u8_u32(t.val[1]);
    }

// sadly can't use interleaved stores here since we only write
// 8 bytes to each scan line!
// 8x8 8-bit transpose pass 1
        dct_trn8_8(p0, p1);
        dct_trn8_8(p2, p3);
        dct_trn8_8(p4, p5);
        dct_trn8_8(p6, p7);
        // pass 2
        dct_trn8_16(p0, p2);
        dct_trn8_16(p1, p3);
        dct_trn8_16(p4, p6);
        dct_trn8_16(p5, p7);
        // pass 3
        dct_trn8_32(p0, p4);
        dct_trn8_32(p1, p5);
        dct_trn8_32(p2, p6);
        dct_trn8_32(p3, p7);
        // store
        vst1_u8(out, p0); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p1); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p2); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p3); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p4); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p5); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p6); out += out_stride;
        vst1_u8(out, p7);

#undef dct_trn8_8
#undef dct_trn8_16
#undef dct_trn8_32
    }

#undef dct_long_mul
#undef dct_long_mac
#undef dct_widen
#undef dct_wadd
#undef dct_wsub
#undef dct_bfly32o
#undef dct_pass
}

#endif // STBI_NEON

#define STBI__MARKER_none  0xff
// if there's a pending marker from the entropy stream, return that
// otherwise, fetch from the stream and get a marker. if there's no
// marker, return 0xff, which is never a valid marker value
static stbi_uc stbi__get_marker(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    stbi_uc x;
    if (j->marker != STBI__MARKER_none) {
        x = j->marker; j->marker = STBI__MARKER_none; return x;
    }
    x = stbi__get8(j->s);
    if (x != 0xff) {
        return STBI__MARKER_none;
    }
    while (x == 0xff) {
        x = stbi__get8(j->s);
    }
    return x;
}

// in each scan, we'll have scan_n components, and the order
// of the components is specified by order[]
#define STBI__RESTART(x) ((x) >= 0xd0 && (x) <= 0xd7)

// after a restart interval, stbi__jpeg_reset the entropy decoder and
// the dc prediction
static void stbi__jpeg_reset(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    j->code_bits = 0;
    j->code_buffer = 0;
    j->nomore = 0;
    j->img_comp[0].dc_pred = j->img_comp[1].dc_pred = j->img_comp[2].dc_pred = 0;
    j->marker = STBI__MARKER_none;
    j->todo = j->restart_interval ? j->restart_interval : 0x7fffffff;
    j->eob_run = 0;
    // no more than 1<<31 MCUs if no restart_interal? that's plenty safe,
    // since we don't even allow 1<<30 pixels
}

static int stbi__parse_entropy_coded_data(stbi__jpeg *z)
{
    stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
    if (!z->progressive) {
        if (z->scan_n == 1) {
            int i;
            int j;
            STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(short, data[64]);
            int n = z->order[0];
            // non-interleaved data, we just need to process one block at a time,
            // in trivial scanline order
            // number of blocks to do just depends on how many actual "pixels" this
            // component has, independent of interleaved MCU blocking and such
            int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
            int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
            for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
                    int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
                    if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block(z, data, z->huff_dc + z->img_comp[n].hd, z->huff_ac + ha,
                        z->fast_ac[ha], n, z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq])) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    z->idct_block_kernel(z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * j * 8 + i * 8,
                        z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
                    // every data block is an MCU, so countdown the restart interval
                    if (--z->todo <= 0) {
                        if (z->code_bits < 24) {
                            stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
                        }
                        // if it's NOT a restart, then just bail, so we get corrupt data
                        // rather than no data
                        if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) {
                            return 1;
                        }
                        stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
                    }
                }
            }
            return 1;
        } else { // interleaved
            int i;
            int j;
            int k;
            int x;
            int y;
            STBI_SIMD_ALIGN(short, data[64]);
            for (j = 0; j < z->img_mcu_y; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < z->img_mcu_x; ++i) {
                    // scan an interleaved mcu... process scan_n components in order
                    for (k = 0; k < z->scan_n; ++k) {
                        int n = z->order[k];
                        // scan out an mcu's worth of this component; that's just determined
                        // by the basic H and V specified for the component
                        for (y = 0; y < z->img_comp[n].v; ++y) {
                            for (x = 0; x < z->img_comp[n].h; ++x) {
                                int x2 = (i * z->img_comp[n].h + x) * 8;
                                int y2 = (j * z->img_comp[n].v + y) * 8;
                                int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
                                if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block(z, data, z->huff_dc + z->img_comp[n].hd,
                                    z->huff_ac + ha, z->fast_ac[ha], n, z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq])) {
                                    return 0;
                                }
                                z->idct_block_kernel(z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * y2 + x2,
                                    z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // after all interleaved components, that's an interleaved MCU,
                    // so now count down the restart interval
                    if (--z->todo <= 0) {
                        if (z->code_bits < 24) {
                            stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
                        }
                        if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) {
                            return 1;
                        }
                        stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
                    }
                }
            }
            return 1;
        }
    } else {
        if (z->scan_n == 1) {
            int i;
            int j;
            int n = z->order[0];
            // non-interleaved data, we just need to process one block at a time,
            // in trivial scanline order
            // number of blocks to do just depends on how many actual "pixels" this
            // component has, independent of interleaved MCU blocking and such
            int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
            int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
            for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
                    short *data = z->img_comp[n].coeff + 64 * (i + j * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
                    if (z->spec_start == 0) {
                        if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(z, data, &z->huff_dc[z->img_comp[n].hd], n)) {
                            return 0;
                        }
                    } else {
                        int ha = z->img_comp[n].ha;
                        if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_ac(z, data, &z->huff_ac[ha], z->fast_ac[ha])) {
                            return 0;
                        }
                    }
                    // every data block is an MCU, so countdown the restart interval
                    if (--z->todo <= 0) {
                        if (z->code_bits < 24) {
                            stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
                        }
                        if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) {
                            return 1;
                        }
                        stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
                    }
                }
            }
            return 1;
        } else { // interleaved
            int i;
            int j;
            int k;
            int x;
            int y;
            for (j = 0; j < z->img_mcu_y; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < z->img_mcu_x; ++i) {
                    // scan an interleaved mcu... process scan_n components in order
                    for (k = 0; k < z->scan_n; ++k) {
                        int n = z->order[k];
                        // scan out an mcu's worth of this component; that's just determined
                        // by the basic H and V specified for the component
                        for (y = 0; y < z->img_comp[n].v; ++y) {
                            for (x = 0; x < z->img_comp[n].h; ++x) {
                                int x2 = (i * z->img_comp[n].h + x);
                                int y2 = (j * z->img_comp[n].v + y);
                                short *data = z->img_comp[n].coeff + 64 * (x2 + y2 * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
                                if (!stbi__jpeg_decode_block_prog_dc(z, data, &z->huff_dc[z->img_comp[n].hd], n)) {
                                    return 0;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // after all interleaved components, that's an interleaved MCU,
                    // so now count down the restart interval
                    if (--z->todo <= 0) {
                        if (z->code_bits < 24) {
                            stbi__grow_buffer_unsafe(z);
                        }
                        if (!STBI__RESTART(z->marker)) {
                            return 1;
                        }
                        stbi__jpeg_reset(z);
                    }
                }
            }
            return 1;
        }
    }
}

static void stbi__jpeg_dequantize(short *data, stbi_uc *dequant)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
        data[i] *= dequant[i];
    }
}

static void stbi__jpeg_finish(stbi__jpeg *z)
{
    if (z->progressive) {
        // dequantize and idct the data
        int i;
        int j;
        int n;
        for (n = 0; n < z->s->img_n; ++n) {
            int w = (z->img_comp[n].x + 7) >> 3;
            int h = (z->img_comp[n].y + 7) >> 3;
            for (j = 0; j < h; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
                    short *data = z->img_comp[n].coeff + 64 * (i + j * z->img_comp[n].coeff_w);
                    stbi__jpeg_dequantize(data, z->dequant[z->img_comp[n].tq]);
                    z->idct_block_kernel(z->img_comp[n].data + z->img_comp[n].w2 * j * 8 + i * 8,
                                         z->img_comp[n].w2, data);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static int stbi__process_marker(stbi__jpeg *z, int m)
{
    int L;
    switch (m) {
        case STBI__MARKER_none: // no marker found
            return stbi__err("expected marker", "Corrupt JPEG");
        case 0xDD: // DRI - specify restart interval
            if (stbi__get16be(z->s) != 4) {
                return stbi__err("bad DRI len", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
            z->restart_interval = stbi__get16be(z->s);
            return 1;
        case 0xDB: // DQT - define quantization table
            L = stbi__get16be(z->s) - 2;
            while (L > 0) {
                unsigned int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
                int p = q >> 4;
                int t = q & 15;
                int i;
                if (p != 0) {
                    return stbi__err("bad DQT type", "Corrupt JPEG");
                }
                if (t > 3) {
                    return stbi__err("bad DQT table", "Corrupt JPEG");
                }
                for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
                    z->dequant[t][stbi__jpeg_dezigzag[i]] = stbi__get8(z->s);
                }
                L -= 65;
            }
            return L == 0;
        case 0xC4: // DHT - define huffman table
            L = stbi__get16be(z->s) - 2;
            while (L > 0) {
                stbi_uc *v;
                int sizes[16];
                int i;
                int n = 0;
                unsigned int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
                int tc = q >> 4;
                int th = q & 15;
                if (tc > 1 || th > 3) {
                    return stbi__err("bad DHT header", "Corrupt JPEG");
                }
                for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    sizes[i] = stbi__get8(z->s);
                    n += sizes[i];
                }
                L -= 17;
                if (tc == 0) {
                    if (!stbi__build_huffman(z->huff_dc + th, sizes)) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    v = z->huff_dc[th].values;
                } else {
                    if (!stbi__build_huffman(z->huff_ac + th, sizes)) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                    v = z->huff_ac[th].values;
                }
                for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    v[i] = stbi__get8(z->s);
                }
                if (tc != 0) {
                    stbi__build_fast_ac(z->fast_ac[th], z->huff_ac + th);
                }
                L -= n;
            }
            return L == 0;
    }
    // check for comment block or APP blocks
    if ((m >= 0xE0 && m <= 0xEF) || m == 0xFE) {
        stbi__skip(z->s, stbi__get16be(z->s) - 2);
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

// after we see SOS
static int stbi__process_scan_header(stbi__jpeg *z)
{
    int i;
    int Ls = stbi__get16be(z->s);
    z->scan_n = stbi__get8(z->s);
    if (z->scan_n < 1 || z->scan_n > 4 || z->scan_n > (int)z->s->img_n) {
        return stbi__err("bad SOS component count", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    if (Ls != 6 + 2 * z->scan_n) {
        return stbi__err("bad SOS len", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    for (i = 0; i < z->scan_n; ++i) {
        int id = stbi__get8(z->s);
        int which;
        unsigned int q = stbi__get8(z->s);
        for (which = 0; which < z->s->img_n; ++which) {
            if (z->img_comp[which].id == id) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (which == z->s->img_n) {
            return 0; // no match
        }
        z->img_comp[which].hd = q >> 4;
        if (z->img_comp[which].hd > 3) {
            return stbi__err("bad DC huff", "Corrupt JPEG");
        }
        z->img_comp[which].ha = q & 15;
        if (z->img_comp[which].ha > 3) {
            return stbi__err("bad AC huff", "Corrupt JPEG");
        }
        z->order[i] = which;
    }

    {
        unsigned int aa;
        z->spec_start = stbi__get8(z->s);
        z->spec_end = stbi__get8(z->s); // should be 63, but might be 0
        aa = stbi__get8(z->s);
        z->succ_high = (aa >> 4);
        z->succ_low = (aa & 15);
        if (z->progressive) {
            if (z->spec_start > 63 || z->spec_end > 63 || z->spec_start > z->spec_end
                || z->succ_high > 13 || z->succ_low > 13) {
                return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
        } else {
            if (z->spec_start != 0) {
                return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
            if (z->succ_high != 0 || z->succ_low != 0) {
                return stbi__err("bad SOS", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
            z->spec_end = 63;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__process_frame_header(stbi__jpeg *z, int scan)
{
    stbi__context *s = z->s;
    unsigned int Lf;
    unsigned int p;
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int q;
    unsigned int h_max = 1;
    unsigned int v_max = 1;
    unsigned int c;
    Lf = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (Lf < 11) {
        return stbi__err("bad SOF len", "Corrupt JPEG"); // JPEG
    }
    p = stbi__get8(s);
    if (p != 8) {
        return stbi__err("only 8-bit", "JPEG format not supported: 8-bit only"); // JPEG baseline
    }
    s->img_y = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (s->img_y == 0) {
        // Legal, but we don't handle it--but neither does IJG
        return stbi__err("no header height", "JPEG format not supported: delayed height");
    }
    s->img_x = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (s->img_x == 0) {
        return stbi__err("0 width", "Corrupt JPEG"); // JPEG requires
    }
    c = stbi__get8(s);
    if (c != 3 && c != 1) {
        return stbi__err("bad component count", "Corrupt JPEG"); // JFIF requires
    }
    s->img_n = c;
    for (i = 0; i < c; ++i) {
        z->img_comp[i].data = NULL;
        z->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
    }
    if (Lf != 8 + 3 * s->img_n) {
        return stbi__err("bad SOF len", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
        z->img_comp[i].id = stbi__get8(s);
        if (z->img_comp[i].id != i + 1) {
            // JFIF requires
            if (z->img_comp[i].id != i) {
                // some version of jpegtran outputs non-JFIF-compliant files!
                return stbi__err("bad component ID", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
        }
        q = stbi__get8(s);
        z->img_comp[i].h = (q >> 4);
        if (!z->img_comp[i].h || z->img_comp[i].h > 4) {
            return stbi__err("bad H", "Corrupt JPEG");
        }
        z->img_comp[i].v = q & 15;
        if (!z->img_comp[i].v || z->img_comp[i].v > 4) {
            return stbi__err("bad V", "Corrupt JPEG");
        }
        z->img_comp[i].tq = stbi__get8(s);
        if (z->img_comp[i].tq > 3) {
            return stbi__err("bad TQ", "Corrupt JPEG");
        }
    }
    if (scan != STBI__SCAN_load) {
        return 1;
    }
    if ((1 << 30) / s->img_x / s->img_n < s->img_y) {
        return stbi__err("too large", "Image too large to decode");
    }
    for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
        if (z->img_comp[i].h > h_max) {
            h_max = z->img_comp[i].h;
        }
        if (z->img_comp[i].v > v_max) {
            v_max = z->img_comp[i].v;
        }
    }

    // compute interleaved mcu info
    z->img_h_max = h_max;
    z->img_v_max = v_max;
    z->img_mcu_w = h_max * 8;
    z->img_mcu_h = v_max * 8;
    z->img_mcu_x = (s->img_x + z->img_mcu_w - 1) / z->img_mcu_w;
    z->img_mcu_y = (s->img_y + z->img_mcu_h - 1) / z->img_mcu_h;

    for (i = 0; i < s->img_n; ++i) {
        // number of effective pixels (e.g. for non-interleaved MCU)
        z->img_comp[i].x = (s->img_x * z->img_comp[i].h + h_max - 1) / h_max;
        z->img_comp[i].y = (s->img_y * z->img_comp[i].v + v_max - 1) / v_max;
        // to simplify generation, we'll allocate enough memory to decode
        // the bogus oversized data from using interleaved MCUs and their
        // big blocks (e.g. a 16x16 iMCU on an image of width 33); we won't
        // discard the extra data until colorspace conversion
        z->img_comp[i].w2 = z->img_mcu_x * z->img_comp[i].h * 8;
        z->img_comp[i].h2 = z->img_mcu_y * z->img_comp[i].v * 8;
        z->img_comp[i].raw_data = stbi__malloc(z->img_comp[i].w2 * z->img_comp[i].h2 + 15);
        if (z->img_comp[i].raw_data == NULL) {
            for (--i; i >= 0; --i) {
                STBI_FREE(z->img_comp[i].raw_data);
                z->img_comp[i].raw_data = NULL;
            }
            return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
        }
        // align blocks for idct using mmx/sse
        z->img_comp[i].data = (stbi_uc*)(((size_t)z->img_comp[i].raw_data + 15) & ~15);
        z->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
        if (z->progressive) {
            z->img_comp[i].coeff_w = (z->img_comp[i].w2 + 7) >> 3;
            unsigned int h2_ = z->img_comp[i].h2 + 7;
            z->img_comp[i].coeff_h = h2_ >> 3;
            z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = STBI_MALLOC(z->img_comp[i].coeff_w *
                z->img_comp[i].coeff_h * 64 * sizeof(short) + 15);
            z->img_comp[i].coeff = (short*)(((size_t)z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff + 15) & ~15);
        } else {
            z->img_comp[i].coeff = 0;
            z->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

// use comparisons since in some cases we handle more than one case (e.g. SOF)
#define stbi__DNL(x) ((x) == 0xdc)
#define stbi__SOI(x) ((x) == 0xd8)
#define stbi__EOI(x) ((x) == 0xd9)
#define stbi__SOF(x) ((x) == 0xc0 || (x) == 0xc1 || (x) == 0xc2)
#define stbi__SOS(x) ((x) == 0xda)

#define stbi__SOF_progressive(x) ((x) == 0xc2)

static int stbi__decode_jpeg_header(stbi__jpeg *z, int scan)
{
    int m;
    z->marker = STBI__MARKER_none; // initialize cached marker to empty
    m = stbi__get_marker(z);
    if (!stbi__SOI(m)) {
        return stbi__err("no SOI", "Corrupt JPEG");
    }
    if (scan == STBI__SCAN_type) {
        return 1;
    }
    m = stbi__get_marker(z);
    while (!stbi__SOF(m)) {
        if (!stbi__process_marker(z, m)) {
            return 0;
        }
        m = stbi__get_marker(z);
        while (m == STBI__MARKER_none) {
            // some files have extra padding after their blocks, so ok, we'll scan
            if (stbi__at_eof(z->s)) {
                return stbi__err("no SOF", "Corrupt JPEG");
            }
            m = stbi__get_marker(z);
        }
    }
    z->progressive = stbi__SOF_progressive(m);
    if (!stbi__process_frame_header(z, scan)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

// decode image to YCbCr format
static int stbi__decode_jpeg_image(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    int m;
    for (m = 0; m < 4; m++) {
        j->img_comp[m].raw_data = NULL;
        j->img_comp[m].raw_coeff = NULL;
    }
    j->restart_interval = 0;
    if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_header(j, STBI__SCAN_load)) {
        return 0;
    }
    m = stbi__get_marker(j);
    while (!stbi__EOI(m)) {
        if (stbi__SOS(m)) {
            if (!stbi__process_scan_header(j)) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (!stbi__parse_entropy_coded_data(j)) {
                return 0;
            }
            if (j->marker == STBI__MARKER_none) {
                // handle 0s at the end of image data from IP Kamera 9060
                while (!stbi__at_eof(j->s)) {
                    int x = stbi__get8(j->s);
                    if (x == 255) {
                        j->marker = stbi__get8(j->s);
                        break;
                    } else if (x != 0) {
                        return stbi__err("junk before marker", "Corrupt JPEG");
                    }
                }
                /* if we reach eof without hitting a marker,
                stbi__get_marker() below will fail and we'll eventually return 0*/
            }
        } else {
            if (!stbi__process_marker(j, m)) {
                return 0;
            }
        }
        m = stbi__get_marker(j);
    }
    if (j->progressive) {
        stbi__jpeg_finish(j);
    }
    return 1;
}

// static jfif-centered resampling (across block boundaries)
typedef stbi_uc *(*resample_row_func)(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in0, stbi_uc *in1,
    int w, int hs);

#define stbi__div4(x) ((stbi_uc) ((x) >> 2))

static stbi_uc *resample_row_1(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    STBI_NOTUSED(out);
    STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
    STBI_NOTUSED(w);
    STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
    return in_near;
}

static stbi_uc* stbi__resample_row_v_2(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    // need to generate two samples vertically for every one in input
    int i;
    STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
    for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
        out[i] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i] + 2);
    }
    return out;
}

static stbi_uc*  stbi__resample_row_h_2(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    // need to generate two samples horizontally for every one in input
    int i;
    stbi_uc *input = in_near;
    if (w == 1) {
        // if only one sample, can't do any interpolation
        out[0] = out[1] = input[0];
        return out;
    }
    out[0] = input[0];
    out[1] = stbi__div4(input[0] * 3 + input[1] + 2);
    for (i = 1; i < w - 1; ++i) {
        int n = 3 * input[i] + 2;
        out[i * 2 + 0] = stbi__div4(n + input[i - 1]);
        out[i * 2 + 1] = stbi__div4(n + input[i + 1]);
    }
    out[i * 2 + 0] = stbi__div4(input[w - 2] * 3 + input[w - 1] + 2);
    out[i * 2 + 1] = input[w - 1];

    STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
    STBI_NOTUSED(hs);
    return out;
}

#define stbi__div16(x) ((stbi_uc) ((x) >> 4))

static stbi_uc *stbi__resample_row_hv_2(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    // need to generate 2x2 samples for every one in input
    int i, t0, t1;
    if (w == 1) {
        out[0] = out[1] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0] + 2);
        return out;
    }

    t1 = 3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0];
    out[0] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);
    for (i = 1; i < w; ++i) {
        t0 = t1;
        t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
        out[i * 2 - 1] = stbi__div16(3 * t0 + t1 + 8);
        out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);
    }
    out[w * 2 - 1] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);

    STBI_NOTUSED(hs);

    return out;
}

#if defined(STBI_SSE2) || defined(STBI_NEON)
static stbi_uc *stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    // need to generate 2x2 samples for every one in input
    int i = 0;
    int t0;
    int t1;

    if (w == 1) {
        out[0] = out[1] = stbi__div4(3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0] + 2);
        return out;
    }

    t1 = 3 * in_near[0] + in_far[0];
    // process groups of 8 pixels for as long as we can.
    // note we can't handle the last pixel in a row in this loop
    // because we need to handle the filter boundary conditions.
    for (; i < ((w - 1) & ~7); i += 8) {
#if defined(STBI_SSE2)
        // load and perform the vertical filtering pass
        // this uses 3*x + y = 4*x + (y - x)
        __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i farb = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (in_far + i));
        __m128i nearb = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (in_near + i));
        __m128i farw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(farb, zero);
        __m128i nearw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(nearb, zero);
        __m128i diff = _mm_sub_epi16(farw, nearw);
        __m128i nears = _mm_slli_epi16(nearw, 2);
        __m128i curr = _mm_add_epi16(nears, diff); // current row

        // horizontal filter works the same based on shifted vers of current
        // row. "prev" is current row shifted right by 1 pixel; we need to
        // insert the previous pixel value (from t1).
        // "next" is current row shifted left by 1 pixel, with first pixel
        // of next block of 8 pixels added in.
        __m128i prv0 = _mm_slli_si128(curr, 2);
        __m128i nxt0 = _mm_srli_si128(curr, 2);
        __m128i prev = _mm_insert_epi16(prv0, t1, 0);
        __m128i next = _mm_insert_epi16(nxt0, 3 * in_near[i + 8] + in_far[i + 8], 7);

        // horizontal filter, polyphase implementation since it's convenient:
        // even pixels = 3*cur + prev = cur*4 + (prev - cur)
        // odd  pixels = 3*cur + next = cur*4 + (next - cur)
        // note the shared term.
        __m128i bias = _mm_set1_epi16(8);
        __m128i curs = _mm_slli_epi16(curr, 2);
        __m128i prvd = _mm_sub_epi16(prev, curr);
        __m128i nxtd = _mm_sub_epi16(next, curr);
        __m128i curb = _mm_add_epi16(curs, bias);
        __m128i even = _mm_add_epi16(prvd, curb);
        __m128i odd = _mm_add_epi16(nxtd, curb);

        // interleave even and odd pixels, then undo scaling.
        __m128i int0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(even, odd);
        __m128i int1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(even, odd);
        __m128i de0 = _mm_srli_epi16(int0, 4);
        __m128i de1 = _mm_srli_epi16(int1, 4);

        // pack and write output
        __m128i outv = _mm_packus_epi16(de0, de1);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + i * 2), outv);
#elif defined(STBI_NEON)
        // load and perform the vertical filtering pass
        // this uses 3*x + y = 4*x + (y - x)
        uint8x8_t farb = vld1_u8(in_far + i);
        uint8x8_t nearb = vld1_u8(in_near + i);
        int16x8_t diff = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vsubl_u8(farb, nearb));
        int16x8_t nears = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vshll_n_u8(nearb, 2));
        int16x8_t curr = vaddq_s16(nears, diff); // current row

        // horizontal filter works the same based on shifted vers of current
        // row. "prev" is current row shifted right by 1 pixel; we need to
        // insert the previous pixel value (from t1).
        // "next" is current row shifted left by 1 pixel, with first pixel
        // of next block of 8 pixels added in.
        int16x8_t prv0 = vextq_s16(curr, curr, 7);
        int16x8_t nxt0 = vextq_s16(curr, curr, 1);
        int16x8_t prev = vsetq_lane_s16(t1, prv0, 0);
        int16x8_t next = vsetq_lane_s16(3 * in_near[i + 8] + in_far[i + 8], nxt0, 7);

        // horizontal filter, polyphase implementation since it's convenient:
        // even pixels = 3*cur + prev = cur*4 + (prev - cur)
        // odd  pixels = 3*cur + next = cur*4 + (next - cur)
        // note the shared term.
        int16x8_t curs = vshlq_n_s16(curr, 2);
        int16x8_t prvd = vsubq_s16(prev, curr);
        int16x8_t nxtd = vsubq_s16(next, curr);
        int16x8_t even = vaddq_s16(curs, prvd);
        int16x8_t odd = vaddq_s16(curs, nxtd);

        // undo scaling and round, then store with even/odd phases interleaved
        uint8x8x2_t o;
        o.val[0] = vqrshrun_n_s16(even, 4);
        o.val[1] = vqrshrun_n_s16(odd, 4);
        vst2_u8(out + i * 2, o);
#endif

        // "previous" value for next iter
        t1 = 3 * in_near[i + 7] + in_far[i + 7];
    }

    t0 = t1;
    t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
    out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);

    for (++i; i < w; ++i) {
        t0 = t1;
        t1 = 3 * in_near[i] + in_far[i];
        out[i * 2 - 1] = stbi__div16(3 * t0 + t1 + 8);
        out[i * 2] = stbi__div16(3 * t1 + t0 + 8);
    }
    out[w * 2 - 1] = stbi__div4(t1 + 2);

    STBI_NOTUSED(hs);

    return out;
}
#endif

static stbi_uc *stbi__resample_row_generic(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc *in_near, stbi_uc *in_far, int w, int hs)
{
    // resample with nearest-neighbor
    int i;
    int j;
    STBI_NOTUSED(in_far);
    for (i = 0; i < w; ++i) {
        for (j = 0; j < hs; ++j) {
            out[i * hs + j] = in_near[i];
        }
    }
    return out;
}

#ifdef STBI_JPEG_OLD
// this is the same YCbCr-to-RGB calculation that stb_image has used
// historically before the algorithm changes in 1.49
#define float2fixed(x)  ((int) ((x) * 65536 + 0.5))
static void stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_row(stbi_uc *out, const stbi_uc *y, const stbi_uc *pcb,
    const stbi_uc *pcr, int count, int step)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        int y_fixed = (y[i] << 16) + 32768; // rounding
        int r;
        int g;
        int b;
        int cr = pcr[i] - 128;
        int cb = pcb[i] - 128;
        r = y_fixed + cr * float2fixed(1.40200f);
        g = y_fixed - cr * float2fixed(0.71414f) - cb * float2fixed(0.34414f);
        b = y_fixed + cb * float2fixed(1.77200f);
        r >>= 16;
        g >>= 16;
        b >>= 16;
        if ((unsigned)r > 255) {
            if (r < 0) {
                r = 0;
            } else {
                r = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)g > 255) {
            if (g < 0) {
                g = 0;
            } else {
                g = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)b > 255) {
            if (b < 0) b = 0;
            else b = 255;
        }
        out[0] = (stbi_uc)r;
        out[1] = (stbi_uc)g;
        out[2] = (stbi_uc)b;
        out[3] = 255;
        out += step;
    }
}
#else
// this is a reduced-precision calculation of YCbCr-to-RGB introduced
// to make sure the code produces the same results in both SIMD and scalar
#define float2fixed(x) (((int) ((x) * 4096.0f + 0.5f)) << 8)
static void stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_row(stbi_uc *out, const stbi_uc *y, const stbi_uc *pcb,
    const stbi_uc *pcr, int count, int step)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        int y_fixed = (y[i] << 20) + (1 << 19); // rounding
        unsigned int r;
        unsigned int g;
        unsigned int b;
        int cr = pcr[i] - 128;
        int cb = pcb[i] - 128;
        r = y_fixed + cr * float2fixed(1.40200f);
        g = y_fixed + (cr * -float2fixed(0.71414f)) + ((cb * -float2fixed(0.34414f)) & 0xffff0000);
        b = y_fixed + cb * float2fixed(1.77200f);
        r >>= 20;
        g >>= 20;
        b >>= 20;
        if ((unsigned)r > 255) {
            if (r < 0) {
                r = 0;
            } else {
                r = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)g > 255) {
            if (g < 0) {
                g = 0;
            } else {
                g = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)b > 255) {
            if (b < 0) {
                b = 0;
            } else {
                b = 255;
            }
        }
        out[0] = (stbi_uc)r;
        out[1] = (stbi_uc)g;
        out[2] = (stbi_uc)b;
        out[3] = 255;
        out += step;
    }
}
#endif

#if defined(STBI_SSE2) || defined(STBI_NEON)
static void stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd(stbi_uc *out, stbi_uc const *y, stbi_uc const *pcb,
    stbi_uc const *pcr, int count, int step)
{
    int i = 0;

#ifdef STBI_SSE2
    // step == 3 is pretty ugly on the final interleave, and i'm not convinced
    // it's useful in practice (you wouldn't use it for textures, for example).
    // so just accelerate step == 4 case.
    if (step == 4) {
        // this is a fairly straightforward implementation and not super-optimized.
        __m128i signflip = _mm_set1_epi8(-0x80);
        __m128i cr_const0 = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(1.40200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        __m128i cr_const1 = _mm_set1_epi16(-(short)(0.71414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        __m128i cb_const0 = _mm_set1_epi16(-(short)(0.34414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        __m128i cb_const1 = _mm_set1_epi16((short)(1.77200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        __m128i y_bias = _mm_set1_epi8((char)(unsigned char)128);
        __m128i xw = _mm_set1_epi16(255); // alpha channel

        for (; i + 7 < count; i += 8) {
            // load
            __m128i y_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (y + i));
            __m128i cr_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (pcr + i));
            __m128i cb_bytes = _mm_loadl_epi64((__m128i *) (pcb + i));
            __m128i cr_biased = _mm_xor_si128(cr_bytes, signflip); // -128
            __m128i cb_biased = _mm_xor_si128(cb_bytes, signflip); // -128

            // unpack to short (and left-shift cr, cb by 8)
            __m128i yw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(y_bias, y_bytes);
            __m128i crw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), cr_biased);
            __m128i cbw = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), cb_biased);

            // color transform
            __m128i yws = _mm_srli_epi16(yw, 4);
            __m128i cr0 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cr_const0, crw);
            __m128i cb0 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cb_const0, cbw);
            __m128i cb1 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(cbw, cb_const1);
            __m128i cr1 = _mm_mulhi_epi16(crw, cr_const1);
            __m128i rws = _mm_add_epi16(cr0, yws);
            __m128i gwt = _mm_add_epi16(cb0, yws);
            __m128i bws = _mm_add_epi16(yws, cb1);
            __m128i gws = _mm_add_epi16(gwt, cr1);

            // descale
            __m128i rw = _mm_srai_epi16(rws, 4);
            __m128i bw = _mm_srai_epi16(bws, 4);
            __m128i gw = _mm_srai_epi16(gws, 4);

            // back to byte, set up for transpose
            __m128i brb = _mm_packus_epi16(rw, bw);
            __m128i gxb = _mm_packus_epi16(gw, xw);

            // transpose to interleave channels
            __m128i t0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(brb, gxb);
            __m128i t1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi8(brb, gxb);
            __m128i o0 = _mm_unpacklo_epi16(t0, t1);
            __m128i o1 = _mm_unpackhi_epi16(t0, t1);

            // store
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + 0), o0);
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *) (out + 16), o1);
            out += 32;
        }
    }
#endif

#ifdef STBI_NEON
    // in this version, step=3 support would be easy to add. but is there demand?
    if (step == 4) {
        // this is a fairly straightforward implementation and not super-optimized.
        uint8x8_t signflip = vdup_n_u8(0x80);
        int16x8_t cr_const0 = vdupq_n_s16((short)(1.40200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        int16x8_t cr_const1 = vdupq_n_s16(-(short)(0.71414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        int16x8_t cb_const0 = vdupq_n_s16(-(short)(0.34414f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        int16x8_t cb_const1 = vdupq_n_s16((short)(1.77200f * 4096.0f + 0.5f));
        for (; i + 7 < count; i += 8) {
            // load
            uint8x8_t y_bytes = vld1_u8(y + i);
            uint8x8_t cr_bytes = vld1_u8(pcr + i);
            uint8x8_t cb_bytes = vld1_u8(pcb + i);
            int8x8_t cr_biased = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vsub_u8(cr_bytes, signflip));
            int8x8_t cb_biased = vreinterpret_s8_u8(vsub_u8(cb_bytes, signflip));

            // expand to s16
            int16x8_t yws = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vshll_n_u8(y_bytes, 4));
            int16x8_t crw = vshll_n_s8(cr_biased, 7);
            int16x8_t cbw = vshll_n_s8(cb_biased, 7);

            // color transform
            int16x8_t cr0 = vqdmulhq_s16(crw, cr_const0);
            int16x8_t cb0 = vqdmulhq_s16(cbw, cb_const0);
            int16x8_t cr1 = vqdmulhq_s16(crw, cr_const1);
            int16x8_t cb1 = vqdmulhq_s16(cbw, cb_const1);
            int16x8_t rws = vaddq_s16(yws, cr0);
            int16x8_t gws = vaddq_s16(vaddq_s16(yws, cb0), cr1);
            int16x8_t bws = vaddq_s16(yws, cb1);

            // undo scaling, round, convert to byte
            uint8x8x4_t o;
            o.val[0] = vqrshrun_n_s16(rws, 4);
            o.val[1] = vqrshrun_n_s16(gws, 4);
            o.val[2] = vqrshrun_n_s16(bws, 4);
            o.val[3] = vdup_n_u8(255);

            // store, interleaving r/g/b/a
            vst4_u8(out, o);
            out += 8 * 4;
        }
    }
#endif

    for (; i < count; ++i) {
        int y_fixed = (y[i] << 20) + (1 << 19); // rounding
        int r, g, b;
        int cr = pcr[i] - 128;
        int cb = pcb[i] - 128;
        r = y_fixed + cr * float2fixed(1.40200f);
        g = y_fixed + cr * -float2fixed(0.71414f) + ((cb * -float2fixed(0.34414f)) & 0xffff0000);
        b = y_fixed + cb * float2fixed(1.77200f);
        r >>= 20;
        g >>= 20;
        b >>= 20;
        if ((unsigned)r > 255) {
            if (r < 0) {
                r = 0;
            } else {
                r = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)g > 255) {
            if (g < 0) {
                g = 0;
            } else {
                g = 255;
            }
        }
        if ((unsigned)b > 255) {
            if (b < 0) {
                b = 0;
            } else {
                b = 255;
            }
        }
        out[0] = (stbi_uc)r;
        out[1] = (stbi_uc)g;
        out[2] = (stbi_uc)b;
        out[3] = 255;
        out += step;
    }
}
#endif

// set up the kernels
static void stbi__setup_jpeg(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_block;
    j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_row;
    j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2;

#ifdef STBI_SSE2
    if (stbi__sse2_available()) {
        j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_simd;
#ifndef STBI_JPEG_OLD
        j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd;
#endif
        j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd;
    }
#endif

#ifdef STBI_NEON
    j->idct_block_kernel = stbi__idct_simd;
#ifndef STBI_JPEG_OLD
    j->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel = stbi__YCbCr_to_RGB_simd;
#endif
    j->resample_row_hv_2_kernel = stbi__resample_row_hv_2_simd;
#endif
}

// clean up the temporary component buffers
static void stbi__cleanup_jpeg(stbi__jpeg *j)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < j->s->img_n; ++i) {
        if (j->img_comp[i].raw_data) {
            STBI_FREE(j->img_comp[i].raw_data);
            j->img_comp[i].raw_data = NULL;
            j->img_comp[i].data = NULL;
        }
        if (j->img_comp[i].raw_coeff) {
            STBI_FREE(j->img_comp[i].raw_coeff);
            j->img_comp[i].raw_coeff = 0;
            j->img_comp[i].coeff = 0;
        }
        if (j->img_comp[i].linebuf) {
            STBI_FREE(j->img_comp[i].linebuf);
            j->img_comp[i].linebuf = NULL;
        }
    }
}

typedef struct {
    resample_row_func resample;
    stbi_uc *line0;
    stbi_uc *line1;
    int hs, vs; // expansion factor in each axis
    int w_lores; // horizontal pixels pre-expansion
    int ystep; // how far through vertical expansion we are
    int ypos; // which pre-expansion row we're on
} stbi__resample;

static stbi_uc *load_jpeg_image(stbi__jpeg *z, int *out_x, int *out_y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    int n;
    int decode_n;
    z->s->img_n = 0; // make stbi__cleanup_jpeg safe
    // validate req_comp
    if (req_comp < 0 || req_comp > 4) {
        return stbi__errpuc("bad req_comp", "Internal error");
    }
    // load a jpeg image from whichever source, but leave in YCbCr format
    if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_image(z)) {
        stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
        return NULL;
    }
    // determine actual number of components to generate
    n = req_comp ? req_comp : z->s->img_n;
    if (z->s->img_n == 3 && n < 3) {
        decode_n = 1;
    } else {
        decode_n = z->s->img_n;
    }
    // resample and color-convert
    {
        int k;
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned int j;
        stbi_uc *output;
        stbi_uc *coutput[4];
        stbi__resample res_comp[4];
        for (k = 0; k < decode_n; ++k) {
            stbi__resample *r = &res_comp[k];
            // allocate line buffer big enough for upsampling off the edges
            // with upsample factor of 4
            z->img_comp[k].linebuf = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(z->s->img_x + 3);
            if (!z->img_comp[k].linebuf) {
                stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
                return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
            }
            r->hs = z->img_h_max / z->img_comp[k].h;
            r->vs = z->img_v_max / z->img_comp[k].v;
            r->ystep = r->vs >> 1;
            r->w_lores = (z->s->img_x + r->hs - 1) / r->hs;
            r->ypos = 0;
            r->line0 = r->line1 = z->img_comp[k].data;
            if (r->hs == 1 && r->vs == 1) {
                r->resample = resample_row_1;
            } else if (r->hs == 1 && r->vs == 2) {
                r->resample = stbi__resample_row_v_2;
            } else if (r->hs == 2 && r->vs == 1) {
                r->resample = stbi__resample_row_h_2;
            } else if (r->hs == 2 && r->vs == 2) {
                r->resample = z->resample_row_hv_2_kernel;
            } else {
                r->resample = stbi__resample_row_generic;
            }
        }
        // can't error after this so, this is safe
        output = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(n * z->s->img_x * z->s->img_y + 1);
        if (!output) {
            stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
            return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
        }
        // now go ahead and resample
        for (j = 0; j < z->s->img_y; ++j) {
            stbi_uc *out = output + n * z->s->img_x * j;
            for (k = 0; k < decode_n; ++k) {
                stbi__resample *r = &res_comp[k];
                int y_bot = r->ystep >= (r->vs >> 1);
                coutput[k] = r->resample(z->img_comp[k].linebuf,
                    y_bot ? r->line1 : r->line0,
                    y_bot ? r->line0 : r->line1,
                    r->w_lores, r->hs);
                if (++r->ystep >= r->vs) {
                    r->ystep = 0;
                    r->line0 = r->line1;
                    if (++r->ypos < z->img_comp[k].y) {
                        r->line1 += z->img_comp[k].w2;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (n >= 3) {
                stbi_uc *y = coutput[0];
                if (z->s->img_n == 3) {
                    z->YCbCr_to_RGB_kernel(out, y, coutput[1], coutput[2], z->s->img_x, n);
                } else
                    for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
                        out[0] = out[1] = out[2] = y[i];
                        out[3] = 255; // not used if n==3
                        out += n;
                    }
            } else {
                stbi_uc *y = coutput[0];
                if (n == 1) {
                    for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
                        out[i] = y[i];
                    }
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < z->s->img_x; ++i) {
                        *out++ = y[i], *out++ = 255;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        stbi__cleanup_jpeg(z);
        *out_x = z->s->img_x;
        *out_y = z->s->img_y;
        if (comp) {
            *comp = z->s->img_n; // report original components, not output
        }
        return output;
    }
}

static unsigned char *stbi__jpeg_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__jpeg j;
    j.s = s;
    stbi__setup_jpeg(&j);
    return load_jpeg_image(&j, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

static int stbi__jpeg_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r;
    stbi__jpeg j;
    j.s = s;
    stbi__setup_jpeg(&j);
    r = stbi__decode_jpeg_header(&j, STBI__SCAN_type);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}

static int stbi__jpeg_info_raw(stbi__jpeg *j, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    if (!stbi__decode_jpeg_header(j, STBI__SCAN_header)) {
        stbi__rewind(j->s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (x) {
        *x = j->s->img_x;
    }
    if (y) {
        *y = j->s->img_y;
    }
    if (comp) {
        *comp = j->s->img_n;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__jpeg_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    stbi__jpeg j;
    j.s = s;
    return stbi__jpeg_info_raw(&j, x, y, comp);
}
#endif
// public domain zlib decode    v0.2  Sean Barrett 2006-11-18
// simple implementation
// - all input must be provided in an upfront buffer
// - all output is written to a single output buffer (can malloc/realloc)
// performance
// - fast huffman
#ifndef STBI_NO_ZLIB
// fast-way is faster to check than jpeg huffman, but slow way is slower
#define STBI__ZFAST_BITS 9 // accelerate all cases in default tables
#define STBI__ZFAST_MASK ((1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS) - 1)
// zlib-style huffman encoding
// (jpegs packs from left, zlib from right, so can't share code)
typedef struct {
    stbi__uint16 fast[1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS];
    stbi__uint16 firstcode[16];
    int maxcode[17];
    stbi__uint16 firstsymbol[16];
    stbi_uc  size[288];
    stbi__uint16 value[288];
} stbi__zhuffman;

stbi_inline static int stbi__bitreverse16(int n)
{
    unsigned int unsigned_n = n;
    unsigned_n = ((unsigned_n & 0xAAAA) >> 1) | ((unsigned_n & 0x5555) << 1);
    unsigned_n = ((unsigned_n & 0xCCCC) >> 2) | ((unsigned_n & 0x3333) << 2);
    unsigned_n = ((unsigned_n & 0xF0F0) >> 4) | ((unsigned_n & 0x0F0F) << 4);
    unsigned_n = ((unsigned_n & 0xFF00) >> 8) | ((unsigned_n & 0x00FF) << 8);
    n = unsigned_n;
    return n;
}

stbi_inline static int stbi__bit_reverse(int v, int bits)
{
    STBI_ASSERT(bits <= 16);
    // to bit reverse n bits, reverse 16 and shift
    // e.g. 11 bits, bit reverse and shift away 5
    return stbi__bitreverse16(v) >> (16 - bits);
}

static int stbi__zbuild_huffman(stbi__zhuffman *z, stbi_uc *sizelist, int num)
{
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int k = 0;
    unsigned int code;
    unsigned int next_code[16];
    unsigned int sizes[17];
    // DEFLATE spec for generating codes
    SecureZeroMemory(sizes, sizeof(sizes));
    SecureZeroMemory(z->fast, sizeof(z->fast));
    for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
        ++sizes[sizelist[i]];
    }
    sizes[0] = 0;
    for (i = 1; i < 16; ++i) {
        if (sizes[i] > (1 << i)) {
            return stbi__err("bad sizes", "Corrupt PNG");
        }
    }
    code = 0;
    for (i = 1; i < 16; ++i) {
        next_code[i] = code;
        z->firstcode[i] = (stbi__uint16)code;
        z->firstsymbol[i] = (stbi__uint16)k;
        code = (code + sizes[i]);
        if (sizes[i]) {
            if (code - 1 >= (1 << i)) {
                return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
            }
        }
        z->maxcode[i] = code << (16 - i); // preshift for inner loop
        code <<= 1;
        k += sizes[i];
    }
    z->maxcode[16] = 0x10000; // sentinel
    for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
        unsigned int s = sizelist[i];
        if (s) {
            int c = next_code[s] - z->firstcode[s] + z->firstsymbol[s];
            stbi__uint16 fastv = (stbi__uint16)((s << 9) | i);
            z->size[c] = (stbi_uc)s;
            z->value[c] = (stbi__uint16)i;
            if (s <= STBI__ZFAST_BITS) {
                int j = stbi__bit_reverse(next_code[s], s);
                while (j < (1 << STBI__ZFAST_BITS)) {
                    z->fast[j] = fastv;
                    j += (1 << s);
                }
            }
            ++next_code[s];
        }
    }
    return 1;
}
// zlib-from-memory implementation for PNG reading
// because PNG allows splitting the zlib stream arbitrarily,
// and it's annoying structurally to have PNG call ZLIB call PNG,
// we require PNG read all the IDATs and combine them into a single
// memory buffer
typedef struct {
    stbi_uc *zbuffer, *zbuffer_end;
    int num_bits;
    stbi__uint32 code_buffer;
    char *zout;
    char *zout_start;
    char *zout_end;
    int z_expandable;
    stbi__zhuffman z_length, z_distance;
} stbi__zbuf;

stbi_inline static stbi_uc stbi__zget8(stbi__zbuf *z)
{
    if (z->zbuffer >= z->zbuffer_end) {
        return 0;
    }
    return *z->zbuffer++;
}

static void stbi__fill_bits(stbi__zbuf *z)
{
    do {
        STBI_ASSERT(z->code_buffer < (1U << z->num_bits));
        z->code_buffer |= (unsigned int)stbi__zget8(z) << z->num_bits;
        z->num_bits += 8;
    } while (z->num_bits <= 24);
}

stbi_inline static unsigned int stbi__zreceive(stbi__zbuf *z, int n)
{
    unsigned int k;
    if (z->num_bits < n) {
        stbi__fill_bits(z);
    }
    k = z->code_buffer & ((1 << n) - 1);
    z->code_buffer >>= n;
    z->num_bits -= n;
    return k;
}

static int stbi__zhuffman_decode_slowpath(stbi__zbuf *a, stbi__zhuffman *z)
{
    unsigned int b;
    unsigned int s;
    unsigned int k;
    // not resolved by fast table, so compute it the slow way
    // use jpeg approach, which requires MSbits at top
    k = stbi__bit_reverse(a->code_buffer, 16);
    for (s = STBI__ZFAST_BITS + 1; ; ++s) {
        if (k < z->maxcode[s]) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (s == 16) {
        return -1; // invalid code!
    }
    // code size is s, so:
    b = (k >> (16 - s)) - z->firstcode[s] + z->firstsymbol[s];
    STBI_ASSERT(z->size[b] == s);
    a->code_buffer >>= s;
    a->num_bits -= s;
    return z->value[b];
}

stbi_inline static int stbi__zhuffman_decode(stbi__zbuf *a, stbi__zhuffman *z)
{
    unsigned int b;
    unsigned int s;
    if (a->num_bits < 16) {
        stbi__fill_bits(a);
    }
    b = z->fast[a->code_buffer & STBI__ZFAST_MASK];
    if (b) {
        s = b >> 9;
        a->code_buffer >>= s;
        a->num_bits -= s;
        return b & 511;
    }
    return stbi__zhuffman_decode_slowpath(a, z);
}

static int stbi__zexpand(stbi__zbuf *z, char *zout, int n)  // need to make room for n bytes
{
    char *q;
    int cur;
    int limit;
    z->zout = zout;
    if (!z->z_expandable) {
        return stbi__err("output buffer limit", "Corrupt PNG");
    }
    cur = (int)(z->zout - z->zout_start);
    limit = (int)(z->zout_end - z->zout_start);
    while (cur + n > limit) {
        limit *= 2;
    }
    {
        // 去掉realloc这个不安全函数
        int old_size = cur;
        int new_size = limit;
        void* old_mem = z->zout_start;
        void* new_mem = malloc(new_size);
        if (new_mem == nullptr) {
            return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
        }
        if (old_mem != nullptr) {
            memcpy_s(new_mem, new_size, old_mem, old_size);
            free(old_mem);
            // Code maintainability issues, Unused value
            // old_mem = nullptr;
            z->zout_start = nullptr;
        }
        q = (char*)new_mem;
    }
    z->zout_start = q;
    z->zout = q + cur;
    z->zout_end = q + limit;
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__zlength_base[31] = {
    3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13,
    15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 43, 51, 59,
    67, 83, 99, 115, 131, 163, 195, 227, 258, 0, 0};

static int stbi__zlength_extra[31] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 0, 0, 0};

static int stbi__zdist_base[32] = {
    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, 25, 33, 49, 65, 97, 129, 193,257, 385, 513,
    769, 1025, 1537, 2049, 3073, 4097, 6145, 8193, 12289, 16385, 24577, 0, 0};

static int stbi__zdist_extra[32] = {
    0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13};

static int stbi__parse_huffman_block(stbi__zbuf *a)
{
    char *zout = a->zout;
    for (;;) {
        int z = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &a->z_length);
        if (z < 256) {
            if (z < 0) return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt PNG"); // error in huffman codes
            if (zout >= a->zout_end) {
                if (!stbi__zexpand(a, zout, 1)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                zout = a->zout;
            }
            *zout++ = (char)z;
        } else {
            stbi_uc *p;
            int len;
            int dist;
            if (z == 256) {
                a->zout = zout;
                return 1;
            }
            z -= 257;
            len = stbi__zlength_base[z];
            if (stbi__zlength_extra[z]) {
                len += stbi__zreceive(a, stbi__zlength_extra[z]);
            }
            z = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &a->z_distance);
            if (z < 0) {
                return stbi__err("bad huffman code", "Corrupt PNG");
            }
            dist = stbi__zdist_base[z];
            if (stbi__zdist_extra[z]) {
                dist += stbi__zreceive(a, stbi__zdist_extra[z]);
            }
            if (zout - a->zout_start < dist) {
                return stbi__err("bad dist", "Corrupt PNG");
            }
            if (zout + len > a->zout_end) {
                if (!stbi__zexpand(a, zout, len)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                zout = a->zout;
            }
            p = (stbi_uc *)(zout - dist);
            if (dist == 1) { // run of one byte; common in images.
                stbi_uc v = *p;
                if (len) {
                    do *zout++ = v; while (--len);
                }
            } else {
                if (len) {
                    do *zout++ = *p++;
                    while (--len);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static int stbi__compute_huffman_codes(stbi__zbuf *a)
{
    static stbi_uc length_dezigzag[19] = {16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15};
    stbi__zhuffman z_codelength;
    stbi_uc lencodes[286 + 32 + 137];//padding for maximum single op
    stbi_uc codelength_sizes[19];
    int i;
    int n;

    int hlit = stbi__zreceive(a, 5) + 257;
    int hdist = stbi__zreceive(a, 5) + 1;
    int hclen = stbi__zreceive(a, 4) + 4;

    SecureZeroMemory(codelength_sizes, sizeof(codelength_sizes));
    for (i = 0; i < hclen; ++i) {
        int s = stbi__zreceive(a, 3);
        codelength_sizes[length_dezigzag[i]] = (stbi_uc)s;
    }
    if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&z_codelength, codelength_sizes, 19)) {
        return 0;
    }
    n = 0;
    while (n < hlit + hdist) {
        int c = stbi__zhuffman_decode(a, &z_codelength);
        if (c < 0 || c >= 19) {
            return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
        }
        if (c < 16) {
            lencodes[n++] = (stbi_uc)c;
        } else if (c == 16) {
            c = stbi__zreceive(a, 2) + 3;
            FillMemory(lencodes + n, c, lencodes[n - 1]);
            n += c;
        } else if (c == 17) {
            c = stbi__zreceive(a, 3) + 3;
            SecureZeroMemory(lencodes + n, c);
            n += c;
        } else {
            STBI_ASSERT(c == 18);
            c = stbi__zreceive(a, 7) + 11;
            SecureZeroMemory(lencodes + n, c);
            n += c;
        }
    }
    if (n != hlit + hdist) {
        return stbi__err("bad codelengths", "Corrupt PNG");
    }
    if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_length, lencodes, hlit)) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_distance, lencodes + hlit, hdist)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__parse_uncomperssed_block(stbi__zbuf *a)
{
    stbi_uc header[4];
    int len;
    int nlen;
    int k;
    if (a->num_bits & 7) {
        stbi__zreceive(a, a->num_bits & 7); // discard
    }
        // drain the bit-packed data into header
    k = 0;
    while (a->num_bits > 0) {
        header[k++] = (stbi_uc)(a->code_buffer & 255); // suppress MSVC run-time check
        a->code_buffer >>= 8;
        a->num_bits -= 8;
    }
    STBI_ASSERT(a->num_bits == 0);
    // now fill header the normal way
    while (k < 4) {
        header[k++] = stbi__zget8(a);
    }
    len = header[1] * 256 + header[0];
    nlen = header[3] * 256 + header[2];
    if (nlen != (len ^ 0xffff)) {
        return stbi__err("zlib corrupt", "Corrupt PNG");
    }
    if (a->zbuffer + len > a->zbuffer_end) {
        return stbi__err("read past buffer", "Corrupt PNG");
    }
    if (a->zout + len > a->zout_end) {
        if (!stbi__zexpand(a, a->zout, len)) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    memcpy_s(a->zout, len, a->zbuffer, len);
    a->zbuffer += len;
    a->zout += len;
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__parse_zlib_header(stbi__zbuf *a)
{
    unsigned int cmf = stbi__zget8(a);
    unsigned int cm = cmf & 15;
    unsigned int flg = stbi__zget8(a);
    if ((cmf * 256 + flg) % 31 != 0) {
        return stbi__err("bad zlib header", "Corrupt PNG"); // zlib spec
    }
    if (flg & 32) {
        return stbi__err("no preset dict", "Corrupt PNG"); // preset dictionary not allowed in png
    }
    if (cm != 8) {
        return stbi__err("bad compression", "Corrupt PNG"); // DEFLATE required for png
    }
    // window = 1 << (8 + cinfo)... but who cares, we fully buffer output
    return 1;
}

// @TODO: should statically initialize these for optimal thread safety
static stbi_uc stbi__zdefault_length[288], stbi__zdefault_distance[32];
static void stbi__init_zdefaults(void)
{
    int i; // use <= to match clearly with spec
    for (i = 0; i <= 143; ++i) {
        stbi__zdefault_length[i] = 8;
    }
    for (; i <= 255; ++i) {
        stbi__zdefault_length[i] = 9;
    }
    for (; i <= 279; ++i) {
        stbi__zdefault_length[i] = 7;
    }
    for (; i <= 287; ++i) {
        stbi__zdefault_length[i] = 8;
    }
    for (i = 0; i <= 31; ++i) {
        stbi__zdefault_distance[i] = 5;
    }
}

static int stbi__parse_zlib(stbi__zbuf *a, int parse_header)
{
    int final;
    int type;
    if (parse_header) {
        if (!stbi__parse_zlib_header(a)) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    a->num_bits = 0;
    a->code_buffer = 0;
    do {
        final = stbi__zreceive(a, 1);
        type = stbi__zreceive(a, 2);
        if (type == 0) {
            if (!stbi__parse_uncomperssed_block(a)) {
                return 0;
            }
        } else if (type == 3) {
            return 0;
        } else {
            if (type == 1) {
                // use fixed code lengths
                if (!stbi__zdefault_distance[31]) {
                    stbi__init_zdefaults();
                }
                if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_length, stbi__zdefault_length, 288)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                if (!stbi__zbuild_huffman(&a->z_distance, stbi__zdefault_distance, 32)) {
                    return 0;
                }
            } else {
                if (!stbi__compute_huffman_codes(a)) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            if (!stbi__parse_huffman_block(a)) {
                return 0;
            }
        }
    } while (!final);
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__do_zlib(stbi__zbuf *a, char *obuf, int olen, int exp, int parse_header)
{
    a->zout_start = obuf;
    a->zout = obuf;
    a->zout_end = obuf + olen;
    a->z_expandable = exp;
    return stbi__parse_zlib(a, parse_header);
}

STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(const char *buffer, int len, int initial_size, int *outlen)
{
    stbi__zbuf a;
    char *p = (char *)stbi__malloc(initial_size);
    if (p == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *)buffer;
    a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *)buffer + len;
    if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, initial_size, 1, 1)) {
        if (outlen) {
            *outlen = (int)(a.zout - a.zout_start);
        }
        return a.zout_start;
    } else {
        STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
        return NULL;
    }
}

STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc(char const *buffer, int len, int *outlen)
{
    return stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize(buffer, len, 16384, outlen);
}

STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag(const char *buffer, int len,
    int initial_size, int *outlen, int parse_header)
{
    stbi__zbuf a;
    char *p = (char *)stbi__malloc(initial_size);
    if (p == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *)buffer;
    a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *)buffer + len;
    if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, initial_size, 1, parse_header)) {
        if (outlen) {
            *outlen = (int)(a.zout - a.zout_start);
        }
        return a.zout_start;
    } else {
        STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
        return NULL;
    }
}

STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_buffer(char *obuffer, int olen, char const *ibuffer, int ilen)
{
    stbi__zbuf a;
    a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *)ibuffer;
    a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *)ibuffer + ilen;
    if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, obuffer, olen, 0, 1)) {
        return (int)(a.zout - a.zout_start);
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}

STBIDEF char *stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_malloc(char const *buffer, int len, int *outlen)
{
    stbi__zbuf a;
    char *p = (char *)stbi__malloc(16384);
    if (p == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *)buffer;
    a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *)buffer + len;
    if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, p, 16384, 1, 0)) {
        if (outlen) {
            *outlen = (int)(a.zout - a.zout_start);
        }
        return a.zout_start;
    } else {
        STBI_FREE(a.zout_start);
        return NULL;
    }
}

STBIDEF int stbi_zlib_decode_noheader_buffer(char *obuffer, int olen, const char *ibuffer, int ilen)
{
    stbi__zbuf a;
    a.zbuffer = (stbi_uc *)ibuffer;
    a.zbuffer_end = (stbi_uc *)ibuffer + ilen;
    if (stbi__do_zlib(&a, obuffer, olen, 0, 0)) {
        return (int)(a.zout - a.zout_start);
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
}
#endif

// public domain "baseline" PNG decoder   v0.10  Sean Barrett 2006-11-18
// simple implementation
// - only 8-bit samples
// - no CRC checking
// - allocates lots of intermediate memory
// - avoids problem of streaming data between subsystems
// - avoids explicit window management
// performance
// - uses stb_zlib, a PD zlib implementation with fast huffman decoding

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
typedef struct {
    stbi__uint32 length;
    stbi__uint32 type;
} stbi__pngchunk;

static stbi__pngchunk stbi__get_chunk_header(stbi__context *s)
{
    stbi__pngchunk c;
    c.length = stbi__get32be(s);
    c.type = stbi__get32be(s);
    return c;
}

static int stbi__check_png_header(stbi__context *s)
{
    static stbi_uc png_sig[8] = {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10};
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
        if (stbi__get8(s) != png_sig[i]) {
            return stbi__err("bad png sig", "Not a PNG");
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

typedef struct {
    stbi__context *s;
    stbi_uc *idata;
    stbi_uc *expanded;
    stbi_uc *out;
} stbi__png;


enum {
    STBI__F_none = 0,
    STBI__F_sub = 1,
    STBI__F_up = 2,
    STBI__F_avg = 3,
    STBI__F_paeth = 4,
    // synthetic filters used for first scanline to avoid needing a dummy row of 0s
    STBI__F_avg_first,
    STBI__F_paeth_first
};

static stbi_uc first_row_filter[5] = {
    STBI__F_none,
    STBI__F_sub,
    STBI__F_none,
    STBI__F_avg_first,
    STBI__F_paeth_first
};

static int stbi__paeth(int a, int b, int c)
{
    int p = a + b - c;
    int pa = abs(p - a);
    int pb = abs(p - b);
    int pc = abs(p - c);
    if (pa <= pb && pa <= pc) {
        return a;
    }
    if (pb <= pc) {
        return b;
    }
    return c;
}

static stbi_uc stbi__depth_scale_table[9] = {0, 0xff, 0x55, 0, 0x11, 0, 0, 0, 0x01};

// create the png data from post-deflated data
static int stbi__create_png_image_raw(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *raw, stbi__uint32 raw_len, int out_n,
    stbi__uint32 x, stbi__uint32 y, int depth, int color)
{
    stbi__context *s = a->s;
    stbi__uint32 i;
    stbi__uint32 j;
    stbi__uint32 stride = x * out_n;
    stbi__uint32 img_len;
    stbi__uint32 img_width_bytes;
    int k;
    int img_n = s->img_n; // copy it into a local for later

    STBI_ASSERT(out_n == s->img_n || out_n == s->img_n + 1);
    a->out = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(x * y * out_n); // extra bytes to write off the end into
    if (!a->out) {
        return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }

    img_width_bytes = (((img_n * x * depth) + 7) >> 3);
    img_len = (img_width_bytes + 1) * y;
    if (s->img_x == x && s->img_y == y) {
        if (raw_len != img_len) {
            return stbi__err("not enough pixels", "Corrupt PNG");
        }
    } else { // interlaced:
        if (raw_len < img_len) {
            return stbi__err("not enough pixels", "Corrupt PNG");
        }
    }

    for (j = 0; j < y; ++j) {
        stbi_uc *cur = a->out + stride * j;
        stbi_uc *prior = cur - stride;
        int filter = *raw++;
        int filter_bytes = img_n;
        int width = x;
        if (filter > 4) {
            return stbi__err("invalid filter", "Corrupt PNG");
        }

        if (depth < 8) {
            STBI_ASSERT(img_width_bytes <= x);
            cur += x * out_n - img_width_bytes; // store output to the rightmost img_len bytes, so we can decode in place
            filter_bytes = 1;
            width = img_width_bytes;
        }

        // if first row, use special filter that doesn't sample previous row
        if (j == 0) {
            filter = first_row_filter[filter];
        }

        // handle first byte explicitly
        for (k = 0; k < filter_bytes; ++k) {
            switch (filter) {
                case STBI__F_none: cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
                case STBI__F_sub: cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
                case STBI__F_up: cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]); break;
                case STBI__F_avg: cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (prior[k] >> 1)); break;
                case STBI__F_paeth: cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(0, prior[k], 0)); break;
                case STBI__F_avg_first: cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
                case STBI__F_paeth_first: cur[k] = raw[k]; break;
            }
        }

        if (depth == 8) {
            if (img_n != out_n) {
                cur[img_n] = 255; // first pixel
            }
            raw += img_n;
            cur += out_n;
            prior += out_n;
        } else {
            raw += 1;
            cur += 1;
            prior += 1;
        }
        // this is a little gross, so that we don't switch per-pixel or per-component
        if (depth < 8 || img_n == out_n) {
            int nk = (width - 1) * img_n;
#define CASE(f) \
case f:     \
for (k = 0; k < nk; ++k)
            switch (filter) {
                // "none" filter turns into a memcpy_s here; make that explicit.
                case STBI__F_none: memcpy_s(cur, nk, raw, nk);
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_sub) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k - filter_bytes]);
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_up) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]);
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_avg) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k - filter_bytes]) >> 1));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_paeth) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k - filter_bytes], prior[k],
                    prior[k - filter_bytes]));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_avg_first) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k - filter_bytes] >> 1));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_paeth_first) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k - filter_bytes], 0, 0));
                    break;
            }
#undef CASE
            raw += nk;
        } else {
            STBI_ASSERT(img_n + 1 == out_n);
#define CASE(f) \
case f:     \
for (i = x - 1; i >= 1; --i, cur[img_n] = 255,raw += img_n, cur += out_n, prior+=out_n) \
for (k = 0; k < img_n; ++k)
            switch (filter) {
                CASE(STBI__F_none) cur[k] = raw[k];
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_sub) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + cur[k - out_n]);
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_up) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + prior[k]);
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_avg) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + ((prior[k] + cur[k - out_n]) >> 1));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_paeth) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k - out_n], prior[k],
                    prior[k - out_n]));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_avg_first) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + (cur[k - out_n] >> 1));
                    break;
                CASE(STBI__F_paeth_first) cur[k] = STBI__BYTECAST(raw[k] + stbi__paeth(cur[k - out_n], 0, 0));
                    break;
            }
#undef CASE
        }
    }
    // we make a separate pass to expand bits to pixels; for performance,
    // this could run two scanlines behind the above code, so it won't
    // intefere with filtering but will still be in the cache.
    if (depth < 8) {
        for (j = 0; j < y; ++j) {
            stbi_uc *cur = a->out + stride * j;
            stbi_uc *in = a->out + stride * j + x * out_n - img_width_bytes;
            /* unpack 1/2/4-bit into a 8-bit buffer. allows us to keep the common 8-bit path optimal
            at minimal cost for 1/2/4-bit
            png guarante byte alignment, if width is not multiple of 8/4/2 we'll decode
            dummy trailing data that will be skipped in the later loop */
            // scale grayscale values to 0..255 range
            stbi_uc scale = (color == 0) ? stbi__depth_scale_table[depth] : 1;
            // note that the final byte might overshoot and write more data than desired.
            // we can allocate enough data that this never writes out of memory, but it
            // could also overwrite the next scanline. can it overwrite non-empty data
            // on the next scanline? yes, consider 1-pixel-wide scanlines with 1-bit-per-pixel.
            // so we need to explicitly clamp the final ones

            if (depth == 4) {
                for (k = x * img_n; k >= 2; k -= 2, ++in) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4));
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in) & 0x0f);
                }
                if (k > 0) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4));
                }
            } else if (depth == 2) {
                for (k = x * img_n; k >= 4; k -= 4, ++in) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6));
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x03);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x03);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in) & 0x03);
                }
                if (k > 0) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6));
                }
                if (k > 1) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x03);
                }
                if (k > 2) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x03);
                }
            } else if (depth == 1) {
                for (k = x * img_n; k >= 8; k -= 8, ++in) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 7));
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 5) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 3) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 1) & 0x01);
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 0) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 7));
                }
                if (k > 1) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 6) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 2) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 5) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 3) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 4) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 4) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 3) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 5) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 2) & 0x01);
                }
                if (k > 6) {
                    *cur++ = scale * ((*in >> 1) & 0x01);
                }
            }
            if (img_n != out_n) {
                int q;
                // insert alpha = 255
                cur = a->out + stride * j;
                if (img_n == 1) {
                    for (q = x - 1; q >= 0; --q) {
                        cur[q * 2 + 1] = 255;
                        cur[q * 2 + 0] = cur[q];
                    }
                } else {
                    STBI_ASSERT(img_n == 3);
                    for (q = x - 1; q >= 0; --q) {
                        cur[q * 4 + 3] = 255;
                        cur[q * 4 + 2] = cur[q * 3 + 2];
                        cur[q * 4 + 1] = cur[q * 3 + 1];
                        cur[q * 4 + 0] = cur[q * 3 + 0];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__create_png_image(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *image_data, stbi__uint32 image_data_len, int out_n,
    int depth, int color, int interlaced)
{
    stbi_uc *final;
    int p;
    if (!interlaced) {
        return stbi__create_png_image_raw(a, image_data, image_data_len, out_n, a->s->img_x,
            a->s->img_y, depth, color);
    }

    // de-interlacing
    final = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(a->s->img_x * a->s->img_y * out_n);
    for (p = 0; p < 7; ++p) {
        int xorig[] = {0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0};
        int yorig[] = {0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1};
        int xspc[] = {8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2, 1};
        int yspc[] = {8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2};
        int i;
        int j;
        int x;
        int y;
        // pass1_x[4] = 0, pass1_x[5] = 1, pass1_x[12] = 1
        x = (a->s->img_x - xorig[p] + xspc[p] - 1) / xspc[p];
        y = (a->s->img_y - yorig[p] + yspc[p] - 1) / yspc[p];
        if (x && y) {
            stbi__uint32 img_len = ((((a->s->img_n * x * depth) + 7) >> 3) + 1) * y;
            if (!stbi__create_png_image_raw(a, image_data, image_data_len, out_n, x, y, depth, color)) {
                STBI_FREE(final);
                return 0;
            }
            for (j = 0; j < y; ++j) {
                for (i = 0; i < x; ++i) {
                    int out_y = j * yspc[p] + yorig[p];
                    int out_x = i * xspc[p] + xorig[p];
                    memcpy_s(final + out_y * a->s->img_x * out_n + out_x * out_n, out_n,
                        a->out + (j * x + i)*out_n, out_n);
                }
            }
            STBI_FREE(a->out);
            a->out = NULL;
            image_data += img_len;
            image_data_len -= img_len;
        }
    }
    a->out = final;
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__compute_transparency(stbi__png *z, stbi_uc tc[3], int out_n)
{
    stbi__context *s = z->s;
    stbi__uint32 i;
    stbi__uint32 pixel_count = s->img_x * s->img_y;
    stbi_uc *p = z->out;
    // compute color-based transparency, assuming we've
    // already got 255 as the alpha value in the output
    STBI_ASSERT(out_n == 2 || out_n == 4);

    if (out_n == 2) {
        for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
            p[1] = (p[0] == tc[0] ? 0 : 255);
            p += 2;
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
            if (p[0] == tc[0] && p[1] == tc[1] && p[2] == tc[2]) {
                p[3] = 0;
            }
            p += 4;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__expand_png_palette(stbi__png *a, stbi_uc *palette, int len, int pal_img_n)
{
    stbi__uint32 i;
    stbi__uint32 pixel_count = a->s->img_x * a->s->img_y;
    stbi_uc *p;
    stbi_uc *temp_out;
    stbi_uc *orig = a->out;

    p = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(pixel_count * pal_img_n);
    if (p == NULL) {
        return stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }

    // between here and free(out) below, exitting would leak
    temp_out = p;

    if (pal_img_n == 3) {
        for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
            int n = orig[i] * 4;
            p[0] = palette[n];
            p[1] = palette[n + 1];
            p[2] = palette[n + 2];
            p += 3;
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
            int n = orig[i] * 4;
            p[0] = palette[n];
            p[1] = palette[n + 1];
            p[2] = palette[n + 2];
            p[3] = palette[n + 3];
            p += 4;
        }
    }
    STBI_FREE(a->out);
    a->out = temp_out;
    STBI_NOTUSED(len);
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__unpremultiply_on_load = 0;
static int stbi__de_iphone_flag = 0;

STBIDEF void stbi_set_unpremultiply_on_load(int flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply)
{
    stbi__unpremultiply_on_load = flag_true_if_should_unpremultiply;
}

STBIDEF void stbi_convert_iphone_png_to_rgb(int flag_true_if_should_convert)
{
    stbi__de_iphone_flag = flag_true_if_should_convert;
}

static void stbi__de_iphone(stbi__png *z)
{
    stbi__context *s = z->s;
    stbi__uint32 i;
    stbi__uint32 pixel_count = s->img_x * s->img_y;
    stbi_uc *p = z->out;

    if (s->img_out_n == 3) { // convert bgr to rgb
        for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
            stbi_uc t = p[0];
            p[0] = p[2];
            p[2] = t;
            p += 3;
        }
    } else {
        STBI_ASSERT(s->img_out_n == 4);
        if (stbi__unpremultiply_on_load) {
            // convert bgr to rgb and unpremultiply
            for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
                stbi_uc a = p[3];
                stbi_uc t = p[0];
                if (a) {
                    p[0] = p[2] * 255 / a;
                    p[1] = p[1] * 255 / a;
                    p[2] = t * 255 / a;
                } else {
                    p[0] = p[2];
                    p[2] = t;
                }
                p += 4;
            }
        } else {
            // convert bgr to rgb
            for (i = 0; i < pixel_count; ++i) {
                stbi_uc t = p[0];
                p[0] = p[2];
                p[2] = t;
                p += 4;
            }
        }
    }
}

#define STBI__PNG_TYPE(a, b, c, d) (((a) << 24) + ((b) << 16) + ((c) << 8) + (d))

// 下面函数复杂度太高, 修改代码的时候必须拆开
bool stbi__parse_png_file__TYPE_IDAT(
    int &first,
    stbi_uc &pal_img_n,
    stbi__uint32 &pal_len,
    int &scan,
    stbi__context* &s,
    stbi__uint32 &ioff,
    stbi__pngchunk &c,
    stbi__uint32 &idata_limit,
    stbi__png* &z)
{
    if (first) {
        return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG") == TRUE;
    }
    if (pal_img_n && !pal_len) {
        return stbi__err("no PLTE", "Corrupt PNG") == TRUE;
    }
    if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
        s->img_n = pal_img_n;
        return 1;
    }
    if ((int)(ioff + c.length) < (int)ioff) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (ioff + c.length > idata_limit) {
        if (idata_limit == 0) {
            idata_limit = c.length > 4096 ? c.length : 4096;
        }
        while (ioff + c.length > idata_limit) {
            idata_limit *= 2;
        }
        {
            // 去掉realloc这个不安全函数
            int old_size = ioff;
            auto new_size = static_cast<int>(idata_limit); // 数值不会大得发生反转
            void* old_mem = z->idata;
            // Miscellaneous, Other violation, Integer Overflow, Input Validation and Representation
            void* new_mem = malloc(new_size);
            if (new_mem == nullptr) {
                stbi__err("outofmem", "Out of memory");
                return false;
            }
            if (old_mem != nullptr) {
                memcpy_s(new_mem, new_size, old_mem, old_size);
                free(old_mem);
                // Code maintainability issues, Unused value
                // old_mem = nullptr;
                z->idata = nullptr;
            }
            z->idata = (stbi_uc*)new_mem;
        }
    }
    if (!stbi__getn(s, z->idata + ioff, c.length)) {
        return stbi__err("outofdata", "Corrupt PNG") == TRUE;
    }
    ioff += c.length;
    return true;
}

static int stbi__parse_png_file(stbi__png *z, int scan, int req_comp)
{
    stbi_uc palette[1024];
    stbi_uc pal_img_n = 0;
    stbi_uc has_trans = 0;
    stbi_uc tc[3];
    stbi__uint32 ioff = 0;
    stbi__uint32 idata_limit = 0;
    stbi__uint32 i;
    stbi__uint32 pal_len = 0;
    int first = 1;
    int k;
    int interlace = 0;
    int color = 0;
    int depth = 0;
    int is_iphone = 0;
    stbi__context *s = z->s;
    z->expanded = NULL;
    z->idata = NULL;
    z->out = NULL;
    if (!stbi__check_png_header(s)) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (scan == STBI__SCAN_type) {
        return 1;
    }
    for (;;) {
        stbi__pngchunk c = stbi__get_chunk_header(s);
        switch (c.type) {
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('C', 'g', 'B', 'I'):
                is_iphone = 1;
                stbi__skip(s, c.length);
                break;
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'H', 'D', 'R'): {
                int comp;
                int filter;
                if (!first) {
                    return stbi__err("multiple IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                first = 0;
                if (c.length != 13) {
                    return stbi__err("bad IHDR len", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                s->img_x = stbi__get32be(s);
                if (s->img_x > (1 << 24)) {
                    return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
                }
                s->img_y = stbi__get32be(s);
                if (s->img_y > (1 << 24)) {
                    return stbi__err("too large", "Very large image (corrupt?)");
                }
                depth = stbi__get8(s);
                if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 && depth != 8) {
                    return stbi__err("1/2/4/8-bit only", "PNG not supported: 1/2/4/8-bit only");
                }
                color = stbi__get8(s);
                if (color > 6) {
                    return stbi__err("bad ctype", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (color == 3) {
                    pal_img_n = 3;
                } else if (color & 1) {
                    return stbi__err("bad ctype", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                comp = stbi__get8(s);
                if (comp) {
                    return stbi__err("bad comp method", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                filter = stbi__get8(s);
                if (filter) {
                    return stbi__err("bad filter method", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                interlace = stbi__get8(s);
                if (interlace > 1) {
                    return stbi__err("bad interlace method", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (!s->img_x || !s->img_y) {
                    return stbi__err("0-pixel image", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (!pal_img_n) {
                    s->img_n = (color & 2 ? 3 : 1) + (color & 4 ? 1 : 0);
                    if ((1 << 30) / s->img_x / s->img_n < s->img_y) {
                        return stbi__err("too large", "Image too large to decode");
                    }
                    if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
                        return 1;
                    }
                } else {
                    // if paletted, then pal_n is our final components, and
                    // img_n is # components to decompress/filter.
                    s->img_n = 1;
                    if ((1 << 30) / s->img_x / 4 < s->img_y) {
                        return stbi__err("too large", "Corrupt PNG");
                    }
                    // if SCAN_header, have to scan to see if we have a tRNS
                }
                break;
            }
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('P', 'L', 'T', 'E'): {
                if (first) {
                    return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (c.length > 256 * 3) {
                    return stbi__err("invalid PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                pal_len = c.length / 3;
                if (pal_len * 3 != c.length) {
                    return stbi__err("invalid PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                for (i = 0; i < pal_len; ++i) {
                    palette[i * 4 + 0] = stbi__get8(s);
                    palette[i * 4 + 1] = stbi__get8(s);
                    palette[i * 4 + 2] = stbi__get8(s);
                    palette[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
                }
                break;
            }
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('t', 'R', 'N', 'S'): {
                if (first) {
                    return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (z->idata) {
                    return stbi__err("tRNS after IDAT", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (pal_img_n) {
                    if (scan == STBI__SCAN_header) {
                        s->img_n = 4;
                        return 1;
                    }
                    if (pal_len == 0) {
                        return stbi__err("tRNS before PLTE", "Corrupt PNG");
                    }
                    if (c.length > pal_len) {
                        return stbi__err("bad tRNS len", "Corrupt PNG");
                    }
                    pal_img_n = 4;
                    for (i = 0; i < c.length; ++i) {
                        palette[i * 4 + 3] = stbi__get8(s);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (!(s->img_n & 1)) {
                        return stbi__err("tRNS with alpha", "Corrupt PNG");
                    }
                    if (c.length != (stbi__uint32)s->img_n * 2) {
                        return stbi__err("bad tRNS len", "Corrupt PNG");
                    }
                    has_trans = 1;
                    for (k = 0; k < s->img_n; ++k) {
                        // non 8-bit images will be larger
                        tc[k] = (stbi_uc)(stbi__get16be(s) & 255) * stbi__depth_scale_table[depth];
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'D', 'A', 'T'): {
                if (!stbi__parse_png_file__TYPE_IDAT(first, pal_img_n, pal_len, scan, s, ioff, c, idata_limit, z)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                break;
            }
            case STBI__PNG_TYPE('I', 'E', 'N', 'D'): {
                stbi__uint32 raw_len;
                stbi__uint32 bpl;
                if (first) {
                    return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if (scan != STBI__SCAN_load) {
                    return 1;
                }
                if (z->idata == NULL) {
                    return stbi__err("no IDAT", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                // initial guess for decoded data size to avoid unnecessary reallocs
                bpl = (s->img_x * depth + 7) / 8; // bytes per line, per component
                raw_len = bpl * s->img_y * s->img_n /* pixels */ + s->img_y /* filter mode per row */;
                z->expanded = (stbi_uc *)stbi_zlib_decode_malloc_guesssize_headerflag((char *)z->idata,
                    ioff, raw_len, (int *)&raw_len, !is_iphone);
                if (z->expanded == NULL) {
                    return 0; // zlib should set error
                }
                STBI_FREE(z->idata); z->idata = NULL;
                if ((req_comp == s->img_n + 1 && req_comp != 3 && !pal_img_n) || has_trans) {
                    s->img_out_n = s->img_n + 1;
                } else {
                    s->img_out_n = s->img_n;
                }
                if (!stbi__create_png_image(z, z->expanded, raw_len, s->img_out_n, depth, color, interlace)) {
                    return 0;
                }
                if (has_trans) {
                    if (!stbi__compute_transparency(z, tc, s->img_out_n)) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                }
                if (is_iphone && stbi__de_iphone_flag && s->img_out_n > 2) {
                    stbi__de_iphone(z);
                }
                if (pal_img_n) {
                    // pal_img_n == 3 or 4
                    s->img_n = pal_img_n; // record the actual colors we had
                    s->img_out_n = pal_img_n;
                    if (req_comp >= 3) {
                        s->img_out_n = req_comp;
                    }
                    if (!stbi__expand_png_palette(z, palette, pal_len, s->img_out_n)) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                }
                STBI_FREE(z->expanded); z->expanded = NULL;
                return 1;
            }
            default:
                // if critical, fail
                if (first) {
                    return stbi__err("first not IHDR", "Corrupt PNG");
                }
                if ((c.type & (1 << 29)) == 0) {
#ifndef STBI_NO_FAILURE_STRINGS
                    // not threadsafe
                    static char invalid_chunk[] = "XXXX PNG chunk not known";
                    invalid_chunk[0] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 24);
                    invalid_chunk[1] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 16);
                    invalid_chunk[2] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 8);
                    invalid_chunk[3] = STBI__BYTECAST(c.type >> 0);
#endif
                    return stbi__err(invalid_chunk, "PNG not supported: unknown PNG chunk type");
                }
                stbi__skip(s, c.length);
                break;
        }
        // end of PNG chunk, read and skip CRC
        stbi__get32be(s);
    }
}

static unsigned char *stbi__do_png(stbi__png *p, int *x, int *y, int *n, int req_comp)
{
    unsigned char *result = NULL;
    if (req_comp < 0 || req_comp > 4) {
        return stbi__errpuc("bad req_comp", "Internal error");
    }
    if (stbi__parse_png_file(p, STBI__SCAN_load, req_comp)) {
        result = p->out;
        p->out = NULL;
        if (req_comp && req_comp != p->s->img_out_n) {
            result = stbi__convert_format(result, p->s->img_out_n, req_comp, p->s->img_x, p->s->img_y);
            p->s->img_out_n = req_comp;
            if (result == NULL) {
                return result;
            }
        }
        *x = p->s->img_x;
        *y = p->s->img_y;
        if (n) {
            *n = p->s->img_out_n;
        }
    }
    STBI_FREE(p->out);
    p->out = NULL;
    STBI_FREE(p->expanded);
    p->expanded = NULL;
    STBI_FREE(p->idata);
    p->idata = NULL;
    return result;
}

static unsigned char *stbi__png_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi__png p;
    p.s = s;
    return stbi__do_png(&p, x, y, comp, req_comp);
}

static int stbi__png_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r;
    r = stbi__check_png_header(s);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}

static int stbi__png_info_raw(stbi__png *p, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    if (!stbi__parse_png_file(p, STBI__SCAN_header, 0)) {
        stbi__rewind(p->s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (x) {
        *x = p->s->img_x;
    }
    if (y) {
        *y = p->s->img_y;
    }
    if (comp) {
        *comp = p->s->img_n;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__png_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    stbi__png p;
    p.s = s;
    return stbi__png_info_raw(&p, x, y, comp);
}
#endif

// Microsoft/Windows BMP image

#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
static int stbi__bmp_test_raw(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r;
    int sz;
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'B') {
        return 0;
    }
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'M') {
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__get32le(s); // discard filesize
    stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
    stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
    stbi__get32le(s); // discard data offset
    sz = stbi__get32le(s);
    r = (sz == 12 || sz == 40 || sz == 56 || sz == 108 || sz == 124);
    return r;
}

static int stbi__bmp_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r = stbi__bmp_test_raw(s);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}


// returns 0..31 for the highest set bit
static int stbi__high_bit(unsigned int z)
{
    int n = 0;
    if (z == 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (z >= 0x10000) {
        n += 16;
        z >>= 16;
    }
    if (z >= 0x00100) {
        n += 8;
        z >>= 8;
    }
    if (z >= 0x00010) {
        n += 4;
        z >>= 4;
    }
    if (z >= 0x00004) {
        n += 2;
        z >>= 2;
    }
    if (z >= 0x00002) {
        n += 1;
        z >>= 1;
    }
    return n;
}

static int stbi__bitcount(unsigned int a)
{
    a = (a & 0x55555555) + ((a >> 1) & 0x55555555); // max 2
    a = (a & 0x33333333) + ((a >> 2) & 0x33333333); // max 4
    a = (a + (a >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f; // max 8 per 4, now 8 bits
    a = (a + (a >> 8)); // max 16 per 8 bits
    a = (a + (a >> 16)); // max 32 per 8 bits
    return a & 0xff;
}

static int stbi__shiftsigned(int v, int shift, int bits)
{
    int result;
    int z = 0;

    if (shift < 0) {
        v <<= -shift;
    } else {
        v >>= shift;
    }
    result = v;

    z = bits;
    while (z < 8) {
        result += v >> z;
        z += bits;
    }
    return result;
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__bmp_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi_uc *out;
    unsigned int mr = 0;
    unsigned int mg = 0;
    unsigned int mb = 0;
    unsigned int ma = 0;
    unsigned int all_a = 255;
    stbi_uc pal[256][4];
    int psize = 0;
    int i;
    int j;
    int compress = 0;
    int width;
    int bpp;
    int flip_vertically;
    int pad;
    int target;
    int offset;
    int hsz;
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'B' || stbi__get8(s) != 'M') {
        return stbi__errpuc("not BMP", "Corrupt BMP");
    }
    stbi__get32le(s); // discard filesize
    stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
    stbi__get16le(s); // discard reserved
    offset = stbi__get32le(s);
    hsz = stbi__get32le(s);
    if (hsz != 12 && hsz != 40 && hsz != 56 && hsz != 108 && hsz != 124) {
        return stbi__errpuc("unknown BMP", "BMP type not supported: unknown");
    }
    if (hsz == 12) {
        s->img_x = stbi__get16le(s);
        s->img_y = stbi__get16le(s);
    } else {
        s->img_x = stbi__get32le(s);
        s->img_y = stbi__get32le(s);
    }
    if (stbi__get16le(s) != 1) {
        return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
    }
    bpp = stbi__get16le(s);
    if (bpp == 1) {
        return stbi__errpuc("monochrome", "BMP type not supported: 1-bit");
    }
    flip_vertically = ((int)s->img_y) > 0;
    s->img_y = abs((int)s->img_y);
    if (hsz == 12) {
        if (bpp < 24) {
            psize = (offset - 14 - 24) / 3;
        }
    } else {
        compress = stbi__get32le(s);
        if (compress == 1 || compress == 2) {
            return stbi__errpuc("BMP RLE", "BMP type not supported: RLE");
        }
        stbi__get32le(s); // discard sizeof
        stbi__get32le(s); // discard hres
        stbi__get32le(s); // discard vres
        stbi__get32le(s); // discard colorsused
        stbi__get32le(s); // discard max important
        if (hsz == 40 || hsz == 56) {
            if (hsz == 56) {
                stbi__get32le(s);
                stbi__get32le(s);
                stbi__get32le(s);
                stbi__get32le(s);
            }
            if (bpp == 16 || bpp == 32) {
                mr = mg = mb = 0;
                if (compress == 0) {
                    if (bpp == 32) {
                        mr = 0xffu << 16;
                        mg = 0xffu << 8;
                        mb = 0xffu << 0;
                        ma = 0xffu << 24;
                        all_a = 0; // if all_a is 0 at end, then we loaded alpha channel but it was all 0
                    } else {
                        mr = 31u << 10;
                        mg = 31u << 5;
                        mb = 31u << 0;
                    }
                } else if (compress == 3) {
                    mr = stbi__get32le(s);
                    mg = stbi__get32le(s);
                    mb = stbi__get32le(s);
                    // not documented, but generated by photoshop and handled by mspaint
                    if (mr == mg && mg == mb) {
                        // ?!?!?
                        return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
                    }
                } else {
                    return stbi__errpuc("bad BMP", "bad BMP");
                }
            }
        } else {
            STBI_ASSERT(hsz == 108 || hsz == 124);
            mr = stbi__get32le(s);
            mg = stbi__get32le(s);
            mb = stbi__get32le(s);
            ma = stbi__get32le(s);
            stbi__get32le(s); // discard color space
            for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i) {
                stbi__get32le(s); // discard color space parameters
            }
            if (hsz == 124) {
                stbi__get32le(s); // discard rendering intent
                stbi__get32le(s); // discard offset of profile data
                stbi__get32le(s); // discard size of profile data
                stbi__get32le(s); // discard reserved
            }
        }
        if (bpp < 16) {
            psize = (offset - 14 - hsz) >> 2;
        }
    }
    s->img_n = ma ? 4 : 3;
    if (req_comp && req_comp >= 3) {
        // we can directly decode 3 or 4
        target = req_comp;
    } else {
        target = s->img_n; // if they want monochrome, we'll post-convert
    }
    out = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(target * s->img_x * s->img_y);
    if (!out) {
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    if (bpp < 16) {
        int z = 0;
        if (psize == 0 || psize > 256) {
            STBI_FREE(out);
            return stbi__errpuc("invalid", "Corrupt BMP");
        }
        for (i = 0; i < psize; ++i) {
            pal[i][2] = stbi__get8(s);
            pal[i][1] = stbi__get8(s);
            pal[i][0] = stbi__get8(s);
            if (hsz != 12) {
                stbi__get8(s);
            }
            pal[i][3] = 255;
        }
        stbi__skip(s, offset - 14 - hsz - psize * (hsz == 12 ? 3 : 4));
        if (bpp == 4) {
            width = (s->img_x + 1) >> 1;
        } else if (bpp == 8) {
            width = s->img_x;
        } else {
            STBI_FREE(out);
            return stbi__errpuc("bad bpp", "Corrupt BMP");
        }
        pad = (-width) & 3;
        for (j = 0; j < (int)s->img_y; ++j) {
            for (i = 0; i < (int)s->img_x; i += 2) {
                unsigned int v = stbi__get8(s);
                unsigned int v2 = 0;
                if (bpp == 4) {
                    v2 = v & 15;
                    v >>= 4;
                }
                out[z++] = pal[v][0];
                out[z++] = pal[v][1];
                out[z++] = pal[v][2];
                if (target == 4) {
                    out[z++] = 255;
                }
                if (i + 1 == (int)s->img_x) {
                    break;
                }
                v = (bpp == 8) ? stbi__get8(s) : v2;
                out[z++] = pal[v][0];
                out[z++] = pal[v][1];
                out[z++] = pal[v][2];
                if (target == 4) {
                    out[z++] = 255;
                }
            }
            stbi__skip(s, pad);
        }
    } else {
        int rshift = 0;
        int gshift = 0;
        int bshift = 0;
        int ashift = 0;
        int rcount = 0;
        int gcount = 0;
        int bcount = 0;
        int acount = 0;
        int z = 0;
        int easy = 0;
        stbi__skip(s, offset - 14 - hsz);
        if (bpp == 24) {
            width = 3 * s->img_x;
        } else if (bpp == 16) {
            width = 2 * s->img_x;
        } else {
            /* bpp = 32 and pad = 0 */
            width = 0;
        }
        pad = (-width) & 3;
        if (bpp == 24) {
            easy = 1;
        } else if (bpp == 32) {
            if (mb == 0xff && mg == 0xff00 && mr == 0x00ff0000 && ma == 0xff000000) {
                easy = 2;
            }
        }
        if (!easy) {
            if (!mr || !mg || !mb) {
                STBI_FREE(out);
                return stbi__errpuc("bad masks", "Corrupt BMP");
            }
            // right shift amt to put high bit in position #7
            rshift = stbi__high_bit(mr) - 7;
            rcount = stbi__bitcount(mr);
            gshift = stbi__high_bit(mg) - 7;
            gcount = stbi__bitcount(mg);
            bshift = stbi__high_bit(mb) - 7;
            bcount = stbi__bitcount(mb);
            ashift = stbi__high_bit(ma) - 7;
            acount = stbi__bitcount(ma);
        }
        for (j = 0; j < (int)s->img_y; ++j) {
            if (easy) {
                for (i = 0; i < (int)s->img_x; ++i) {
                    unsigned char a;
                    out[z + 2] = stbi__get8(s);
                    out[z + 1] = stbi__get8(s);
                    out[z + 0] = stbi__get8(s);
                    z += 3;
                    a = (easy == 2 ? stbi__get8(s) : 255);
                    all_a |= a;
                    if (target == 4) {
                        out[z++] = a;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (i = 0; i < (int)s->img_x; ++i) {
                    stbi__uint32 v = (bpp == 16 ? (stbi__uint32)stbi__get16le(s) : stbi__get32le(s));
                    unsigned int a;
                    out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(stbi__shiftsigned(v & mr, rshift, rcount));
                    out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(stbi__shiftsigned(v & mg, gshift, gcount));
                    out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(stbi__shiftsigned(v & mb, bshift, bcount));
                    a = (ma ? stbi__shiftsigned(v & ma, ashift, acount) : 255);
                    all_a |= a;
                    if (target == 4) {
                        out[z++] = STBI__BYTECAST(a);
                    }
                }
            }
            stbi__skip(s, pad);
        }
    }

    // if alpha channel is all 0s, replace with all 255s
    if (target == 4 && all_a == 0) {
        for (i = 4 * s->img_x * s->img_y - 1; i >= 0; i -= 4) {
            out[i] = 255;
        }
    }

    if (flip_vertically) {
        stbi_uc t;
        for (j = 0; j < (int)s->img_y >> 1; ++j) {
            stbi_uc *p1 = out + j * s->img_x * target;
            stbi_uc *p2 = out + (s->img_y - 1 - j) * s->img_x * target;
            for (i = 0; i < (int)s->img_x * target; ++i) {
                t = p1[i];
                p1[i] = p2[i];
                p2[i] = t;
            }
        }
    }

    if (req_comp && req_comp != target) {
        out = stbi__convert_format(out, target, req_comp, s->img_x, s->img_y);
        if (out == NULL) {
            return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
        }
    }

    *x = s->img_x;
    *y = s->img_y;
    if (comp) {
        *comp = s->img_n;
    }
    return out;
}
#endif

// Targa Truevision - TGA
// by Jonathan Dummer
#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
static int stbi__tga_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    int tga_w;
    int tga_h;
    int tga_comp;
    int sz;
    stbi__get8(s); // discard Offset
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // color type
    if (sz > 1) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0; // only RGB or indexed allowed
    }
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // image type
    // only RGB or grey allowed, +/- RLE
    if ((sz != 1) && (sz != 2) && (sz != 3) && (sz != 9) && (sz != 10) && (sz != 11)) {
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__skip(s, 9);
    tga_w = stbi__get16le(s);
    if (tga_w < 1) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0; // test width
    }
    tga_h = stbi__get16le(s);
    if (tga_h < 1) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0; // test height
    }
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // bits per pixel
    // only RGB or RGBA or grey allowed
    if ((sz != 8) && (sz != 16) && (sz != 24) && (sz != 32)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    tga_comp = sz;
    if (x) {
        *x = tga_w;
    }
    if (y) {
        *y = tga_h;
    }
    if (comp) {
        *comp = tga_comp / 8;
    }
    return 1; // seems to have passed everything
}

static int stbi__tga_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int res;
    int sz;
    stbi__get8(s); // discard Offset
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // color type
    if (sz > 1) {
        return 0; // only RGB or indexed allowed
    }
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // image type
    if ((sz != 1) && (sz != 2) && (sz != 3) && (sz != 9) && (sz != 10) && (sz != 11)) {
        return 0; // only RGB or grey allowed, +/- RLE
    }
    stbi__get16be(s); // discard palette start
    stbi__get16be(s); // discard palette length
    stbi__get8(s); // discard bits per palette color entry
    stbi__get16be(s); // discard x origin
    stbi__get16be(s); // discard y origin
    if (stbi__get16be(s) < 1) {
        return 0; // test width
    }
    if (stbi__get16be(s) < 1) {
        return 0; // test height
    }
    sz = stbi__get8(s); // bits per pixel
    if ((sz != 8) && (sz != 16) && (sz != 24) && (sz != 32)) {
        res = 0;
    } else {
        res = 1;
    }
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return res;
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__tga_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    // read in the TGA header stuff
    int tga_offset = stbi__get8(s);
    int tga_indexed = stbi__get8(s);
    int tga_image_type = stbi__get8(s);
    int tga_is_RLE = 0;
    int tga_palette_start = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_palette_len = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_palette_bits = stbi__get8(s);
    int tga_x_origin = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_y_origin = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_width = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_height = stbi__get16le(s);
    int tga_bits_per_pixel = stbi__get8(s);
    int tga_comp = tga_bits_per_pixel / 8;
    unsigned int tga_inverted = stbi__get8(s);
    // image data
    unsigned char *tga_data;
    unsigned char *tga_palette = NULL;
    int i, j;
    unsigned char raw_data[4];
    int RLE_count = 0;
    int RLE_repeating = 0;
    int read_next_pixel = 1;
    // do a tiny bit of precessing
    if (tga_image_type >= 8) {
        tga_image_type -= 8;
        tga_is_RLE = 1;
    }
    /* int tga_alpha_bits = tga_inverted & 15; */
    tga_inverted = 1 - ((tga_inverted >> 5) & 1);
    // error check
    if ((tga_width < 1) || (tga_height < 1) ||
        (tga_image_type < 1) || (tga_image_type > 3) ||
        ((tga_bits_per_pixel != 8) && (tga_bits_per_pixel != 16) &&
        (tga_bits_per_pixel != 24) && (tga_bits_per_pixel != 32))
        ) {
        return NULL; // we don't report this as a bad TGA because we don't even know if it's TGA
    }
    // If I'm paletted, then I'll use the number of bits from the palette
    if (tga_indexed) {
        tga_comp = tga_palette_bits / 8;
    }
    // tga info
    *x = tga_width;
    *y = tga_height;
    if (comp) {
        *comp = tga_comp;
    }
    tga_data = (unsigned char*)stbi__malloc((size_t)tga_width * tga_height * tga_comp);
    if (!tga_data) {
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    // skip to the data's starting position (offset usually = 0)
    stbi__skip(s, tga_offset);
    if (!tga_indexed && !tga_is_RLE) {
        for (i = 0; i < tga_height; ++i) {
            int row = tga_inverted ? tga_height - i - 1 : i;
            stbi_uc *tga_row = tga_data + row * tga_width * tga_comp;
            stbi__getn(s, tga_row, tga_width * tga_comp);
        }
    } else {
        // do I need to load a palette?
        if (tga_indexed) {
            // any data to skip? (offset usually = 0)
            stbi__skip(s, tga_palette_start);
            // load the palette
            tga_palette = (unsigned char*)stbi__malloc(tga_palette_len * tga_palette_bits / 8);
            if (!tga_palette) {
                STBI_FREE(tga_data);
                return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
            }
            if (!stbi__getn(s, tga_palette, tga_palette_len * tga_palette_bits / 8)) {
                STBI_FREE(tga_data);
                STBI_FREE(tga_palette);
                return stbi__errpuc("bad palette", "Corrupt TGA");
            }
        }
        // load the data
        for (i = 0; i < tga_width * tga_height; ++i) {
            // if I'm in RLE mode, do I need to get a RLE stbi__pngchunk?
            if (tga_is_RLE) {
                if (RLE_count == 0) {
                    // yep, get the next byte as a RLE command
                    unsigned int RLE_cmd = stbi__get8(s);
                    RLE_count = 1 + (RLE_cmd & 127);
                    RLE_repeating = RLE_cmd >> 7;
                    read_next_pixel = 1;
                } else if (!RLE_repeating) {
                    read_next_pixel = 1;
                }
            } else {
                read_next_pixel = 1;
            }
            // OK, if I need to read a pixel, do it now
            if (read_next_pixel) {
                // load however much data we did have
                if (tga_indexed) {
                    // read in 1 byte, then perform the lookup
                    int pal_idx = stbi__get8(s);
                    if (pal_idx >= tga_palette_len) {
                        // invalid index
                        pal_idx = 0;
                    }
                    pal_idx *= tga_bits_per_pixel / 8;
                    for (j = 0; j * 8 < tga_bits_per_pixel; ++j) {
                        raw_data[j] = tga_palette[pal_idx + j];
                    }
                } else {
                    // read in the data raw
                    for (j = 0; j * 8 < tga_bits_per_pixel; ++j) {
                        raw_data[j] = stbi__get8(s);
                    }
                }
                // clear the reading flag for the next pixel
                read_next_pixel = 0;
            } // end of reading a pixel
            // copy data
            for (j = 0; j < tga_comp; ++j) {
                tga_data[i * tga_comp + j] = raw_data[j];
            }
            // in case we're in RLE mode, keep counting down
            --RLE_count;
        }
        // do I need to invert the image?
        if (tga_inverted) {
            for (j = 0; j * 2 < tga_height; ++j) {
                int index1 = j * tga_width * tga_comp;
                int index2 = (tga_height - 1 - j) * tga_width * tga_comp;
                for (i = tga_width * tga_comp; i > 0; --i) {
                    unsigned char temp = tga_data[index1];
                    tga_data[index1] = tga_data[index2];
                    tga_data[index2] = temp;
                    ++index1;
                    ++index2;
                }
            }
        }
        // clear my palette, if I had one
        if (tga_palette != NULL) {
            STBI_FREE(tga_palette);
        }
    }
    // swap RGB
    if (tga_comp >= 3) {
        unsigned char* tga_pixel = tga_data;
        for (i = 0; i < tga_width * tga_height; ++i) {
            unsigned char temp = tga_pixel[0];
            tga_pixel[0] = tga_pixel[2];
            tga_pixel[2] = temp;
            tga_pixel += tga_comp;
        }
    }
    // convert to target component count
    if (req_comp && req_comp != tga_comp) {
        tga_data = stbi__convert_format(tga_data, tga_comp, req_comp, tga_width, tga_height);
    }
    // the things I do to get rid of an error message, and yet keep
    // Microsoft's C compilers happy... [8^(
    tga_palette_start = tga_palette_len = tga_palette_bits =
        tga_x_origin = tga_y_origin = 0;
    // OK, done
    return tga_data;
}
#endif

// Photoshop PSD loader -- PD by Thatcher Ulrich, integration by Nicolas Schulz, tweaked by STB

#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
static int stbi__psd_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r = (stbi__get32be(s) == 0x38425053);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__psd_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    int pixelCount;
    int channelCount;
    int compression;
    unsigned int channel;
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int count;
    unsigned int len;
    int bitdepth;
    int w;
    int h;
    stbi_uc *out;
    // Check identifier
    if (stbi__get32be(s) != 0x38425053) {
        // "8BPS"
        return stbi__errpuc("not PSD", "Corrupt PSD image");
    }
    // Check file type version.
    if (stbi__get16be(s) != 1) {
        return stbi__errpuc("wrong version", "Unsupported version of PSD image");
    }
    // Skip 6 reserved bytes.
    stbi__skip(s, 6);
    // Read the number of channels (R, G, B, A, etc).
    channelCount = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (channelCount < 0 || channelCount > 16) {
        return stbi__errpuc("wrong channel count", "Unsupported number of channels in PSD image");
    }
    // Read the rows and columns of the image.
    h = stbi__get32be(s);
    w = stbi__get32be(s);
    // Make sure the depth is 8 bits.
    bitdepth = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (bitdepth != 8 && bitdepth != 16) {
        return stbi__errpuc("unsupported bit depth", "PSD bit depth is not 8 or 16 bit");
    }
    // Make sure the color mode is RGB.
    // Valid options are:
    // 0: Bitmap
    // 1: Grayscale
    // 2: Indexed color
    // 3: RGB color
    // 4: CMYK color
    // 7: Multichannel
    // 8: Duotone
    // 9: Lab color
    if (stbi__get16be(s) != 3) {
        return stbi__errpuc("wrong color format", "PSD is not in RGB color format");
    }
    // Skip the Mode Data.  (It's the palette for indexed color; other info for other modes.)
    stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
    // Skip the image resources.  (resolution, pen tool paths, etc)
    stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
    // Skip the reserved data.
    stbi__skip(s, stbi__get32be(s));
    // Find out if the data is compressed.
    // Known values:
    // 0: no compression
    // 1: RLE compressed
    compression = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (compression > 1) {
        return stbi__errpuc("bad compression", "PSD has an unknown compression format");
    }
    // Create the destination image.
    out = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(4 * w * h);
    if (!out) {
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    pixelCount = w * h;
    // Initialize the data to zero.
    // Finally, the image data.
    if (compression) {
        // RLE as used by .PSD and .TIFF
        // Loop until you get the number of unpacked bytes you are expecting:
        // Read the next source byte into n.
        // If n is between 0 and 127 inclusive, copy the next n+1 bytes literally.
        // Else if n is between -127 and -1 inclusive, copy the next byte -n+1 times.
        // Else if n is 128, noop.
        // Endloop
        // The RLE-compressed data is preceeded by a 2-byte data count for each row in the data,
        // which we're going to just skip.
        stbi__skip(s, h * channelCount * 2);
        // Read the RLE data by channel.
        for (channel = 0; channel < 4; channel++) {
            stbi_uc *p;
            p = out + channel;
            if (channel >= channelCount) {
                // Fill this channel with default data.
                for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4) {
                    *p = (channel == 3 ? 255 : 0);
                }
            } else {
                // Read the RLE data.
                count = 0;
                while (count < pixelCount) {
                    len = stbi__get8(s);
                    if (len == 128) {
                        // No-op.
                    } else if (len < 128) {
                        // Copy next len+1 bytes literally.
                        len++;
                        count += len;
                        while (len) {
                            *p = stbi__get8(s);
                            p += 4;
                            len--;
                        }
                    } else if (len > 128) {
                        stbi_uc   val;
                        // Next -len+1 bytes in the dest are replicated from next source byte.
                        // (Interpret len as a negative 8-bit int.)
                        len ^= 0x0FF;
                        len += 2;
                        val = stbi__get8(s);
                        count += len;
                        while (len) {
                            *p = val;
                            p += 4;
                            len--;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    } else {
        // We're at the raw image data.  It's each channel in order (Red, Green, Blue, Alpha, ...)
        // where each channel consists of an 8-bit value for each pixel in the image.
        // Read the data by channel.
        for (channel = 0; channel < 4; channel++) {
            stbi_uc *p;
            p = out + channel;
            if (channel >= channelCount) {
                // Fill this channel with default data.
                stbi_uc val = channel == 3 ? 255 : 0;
                for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4) {
                    *p = val;
                }
            } else {
                // Read the data.
                if (bitdepth == 16) {
                    for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4) {
                        unsigned int value = stbi__get16be(s);
                        *p = (stbi_uc)(value >> 8);
                    }
                } else {
                    for (i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++, p += 4) {
                        *p = stbi__get8(s);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (req_comp && req_comp != 4) {
        out = stbi__convert_format(out, 4, req_comp, w, h);
        if (out == NULL) {
            return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
        }
    }
    if (comp) {
        *comp = 4;
    }
    *y = h;
    *x = w;
    return out;
}
#endif

// Softimage PIC loader
// by Tom Seddon
// See http://softimage.wiki.softimage.com/index.php/INFO:_PIC_file_format
// See http://ozviz.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/dataformats/softimagepic/

#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
static int stbi__pic_is4(stbi__context *s, const char *str)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        if (stbi__get8(s) != (stbi_uc)str[i]) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__pic_test_core(stbi__context *s)
{
    int i;
    if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "\x53\x80\xF6\x34")) {
        return 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 84; ++i) {
        stbi__get8(s);
    }
    if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "PICT")) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

typedef struct {
    stbi_uc size;
    stbi_uc type;
    stbi_uc channel;
} stbi__pic_packet;

static stbi_uc *stbi__readval(stbi__context *s, int channel, stbi_uc *dest)
{
    int mask = 0x80;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i, mask >>= 1) {
        if (channel & mask) {
            if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
                return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "PIC file too short");
            }
            dest[i] = stbi__get8(s);
        }
    }
    return dest;
}

static void stbi__copyval(int channel, stbi_uc *dest, const stbi_uc *src)
{
    int mask = 0x80;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i, mask >>= 1)
        if (channel & mask) {
            dest[i] = src[i];
        }
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__pic_load_core(stbi__context *s, int width, int height, int *comp, stbi_uc *result)
{
    unsigned int act_comp = 0;
    unsigned int num_packets = 0;
    unsigned int y;
    unsigned int chained;
    stbi__pic_packet packets[10];
    // this will (should...) cater for even some bizarre stuff like having data
    // for the same channel in multiple packets.
    do {
        stbi__pic_packet *packet;
        if (num_packets == sizeof(packets) / sizeof(packets[0])) {
            return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "too many packets");
        }
        packet = &packets[num_packets++];
        chained = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->size = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->type = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->channel = stbi__get8(s);
        act_comp |= packet->channel;
        if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
            return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (reading packets)");
        }
        if (packet->size != 8) {
            return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "packet isn't 8bpp");
        }
    } while (chained);
    *comp = (act_comp & 0x10 ? 4 : 3); // has alpha channel?
    for (y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
        int packet_idx;
        for (packet_idx = 0; packet_idx < num_packets; ++packet_idx) {
            stbi__pic_packet *packet = &packets[packet_idx];
            stbi_uc *dest = result + y * width * 4;
            switch (packet->type) {
                default:
                    return stbi__errpuc("bad format", "packet has bad compression type");
                case 0: { // uncompressed
                    int x;
                    for (x = 0; x < width; ++x, dest += 4) {
                        if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, dest)) {
                            return 0;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case 1: { // Pure RLE
                    int left = width;
                    int i;
                    while (left > 0) {
                        stbi_uc count, value[4];
                        count = stbi__get8(s);
                        if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
                            return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (pure read count)");
                        }
                        if (count > left) {
                            count = (stbi_uc)left;
                        }
                        if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, value)) {
                            return 0;
                        }
                        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4) {
                            stbi__copyval(packet->channel, dest, value);
                        }
                        left -= count;
                    }
                }
                    break;
                case 2: { // Mixed RLE
                    int left = width;
                    while (left > 0) {
                        int count = stbi__get8(s);
                        int i;
                        if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
                            return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (mixed read count)");
                        }
                        if (count >= 128) { // Repeated
                            stbi_uc value[4];
                            if (count == 128) {
                                count = stbi__get16be(s);
                            } else {
                                count -= 127;
                            }
                            if (count > left) {
                                return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "scanline overrun");
                            }
                            if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, value)) {
                                return 0;
                            }
                            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4) {
                                stbi__copyval(packet->channel, dest, value);
                            }
                        } else { // Raw
                            ++count;
                            if (count > left) {
                                return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "scanline overrun");
                            }
                            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i, dest += 4) {
                                if (!stbi__readval(s, packet->channel, dest)) {
                                    return 0;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        left -= count;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__pic_load(stbi__context *s, int *px, int *py, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi_uc *result;
    int i;
    int x;
    int y;

    for (i = 0; i < 92; ++i) {
        stbi__get8(s);
    }

    x = stbi__get16be(s);
    y = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
        return stbi__errpuc("bad file", "file too short (pic header)");
    }
    if ((1 << 28) / x < y) {
        return stbi__errpuc("too large", "Image too large to decode");
    }

    stbi__get32be(s); // skip `ratio'
    stbi__get16be(s); // skip `fields'
    stbi__get16be(s); // skip `pad'

    // intermediate buffer is RGBA
    result = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(x * y * 4);
    if (result == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    FillMemory(result, x * y * 4, 0xff);

    if (!stbi__pic_load_core(s, x, y, comp, result)) {
        STBI_FREE(result);
        result = 0;
    }
    *px = x;
    *py = y;
    if (req_comp == 0) {
        req_comp = *comp;
    }
    result = stbi__convert_format(result, 4, req_comp, x, y);

    return result;
}

static int stbi__pic_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r = stbi__pic_test_core(s);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}
#endif

// GIF loader -- public domain by Jean-Marc Lienher -- simplified/shrunk by stb

#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
typedef struct {
    stbi__int16 prefix;
    stbi_uc first;
    stbi_uc suffix;
} stbi__gif_lzw;

typedef struct {
    int w;
    int h;
    stbi_uc *out;
    stbi_uc *old_out; // output buffer (always 4 components)
    int flags;
    int bgindex;
    int ratio;
    int transparent;
    int eflags;
    int delay;
    stbi_uc  pal[256][4];
    stbi_uc lpal[256][4];
    stbi__gif_lzw codes[4096];
    stbi_uc *color_table;
    int parse;
    int step;
    int lflags;
    int start_x;
    int start_y;
    int max_x;
    int max_y;
    int cur_x;
    int cur_y;
    int line_size;
} stbi__gif;

static int stbi__gif_test_raw(stbi__context *s)
{
    int sz;
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'G' || stbi__get8(s) != 'I' || stbi__get8(s) != 'F' || stbi__get8(s) != '8') {
        return 0;
    }
    sz = stbi__get8(s);
    if (sz != '9' && sz != '7') {
        return 0;
    }
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'a') {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__gif_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    int r = stbi__gif_test_raw(s);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}

static void stbi__gif_parse_colortable(stbi__context *s, stbi_uc pal[256][4], int num_entries, int transp)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < num_entries; ++i) {
        pal[i][2] = stbi__get8(s);
        pal[i][1] = stbi__get8(s);
        pal[i][0] = stbi__get8(s);
        pal[i][3] = transp == i ? 0 : 255;
    }
}

static int stbi__gif_header(stbi__context *s, stbi__gif *g, int *comp, int is_info)
{
    stbi_uc version;
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'G' || stbi__get8(s) != 'I' || stbi__get8(s) != 'F' || stbi__get8(s) != '8') {
        return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
    }

    version = stbi__get8(s);
    if (version != '7' && version != '9') {
        return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
    }
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'a') {
        return stbi__err("not GIF", "Corrupt GIF");
    }

    stbi__g_failure_reason = "";
    g->w = stbi__get16le(s);
    g->h = stbi__get16le(s);
    g->flags = stbi__get8(s);
    g->bgindex = stbi__get8(s);
    g->ratio = stbi__get8(s);
    g->transparent = -1;

    if (comp != 0) {
        *comp = 4;  // can't actually tell whether it's 3 or 4 until we parse the comments
    }

    if (is_info) {
        return 1;
    }

    if (g->flags & 0x80) {
        stbi__gif_parse_colortable(s, g->pal, 2 << (g->flags & 7), -1);
    }

    return 1;
}

static int stbi__gif_info_raw(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    stbi__gif g;
    if (!stbi__gif_header(s, &g, comp, 1)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (x) {
        *x = g.w;
    }
    if (y) {
        *y = g.h;
    }
    return 1;
}

static void stbi__out_gif_code(stbi__gif *g, stbi__uint16 code)
{
    stbi_uc *p;
    stbi_uc *c;

    // recurse to decode the prefixes, since the linked-list is backwards,
    // and working backwards through an interleaved image would be nasty
    if (g->codes[code].prefix >= 0) {
        stbi__out_gif_code(g, g->codes[code].prefix);
    }

    if (g->cur_y >= g->max_y) {
        return;
    }

    p = &g->out[g->cur_x + g->cur_y];
    c = &g->color_table[g->codes[code].suffix * 4];

    if (c[3] >= 128) {
        p[0] = c[2];
        p[1] = c[1];
        p[2] = c[0];
        p[3] = c[3];
    }
    g->cur_x += 4;

    if (g->cur_x >= g->max_x) {
        g->cur_x = g->start_x;
        g->cur_y += g->step;

        while (g->cur_y >= g->max_y && g->parse > 0) {
            g->step = (1 << g->parse) * g->line_size;
            g->cur_y = g->start_y + (g->step >> 1);
            --g->parse;
        }
    }
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__process_gif_raster(stbi__context *s, stbi__gif *g)
{
    stbi_uc lzw_cs;
    stbi__int32 len;
    stbi__int32 init_code;
    stbi__uint32 first;
    stbi__int32 codesize;
    stbi__int32 codemask;
    stbi__int32 avail;
    stbi__int32 oldcode;
    stbi__int32 bits;
    stbi__int32 valid_bits;
    stbi__int32 clear;
    stbi__gif_lzw *p;

    lzw_cs = stbi__get8(s);
    if (lzw_cs > 12) {
        return NULL;
    }
    clear = 1 << lzw_cs;
    first = 1;
    codesize = lzw_cs + 1;
    codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
    bits = 0;
    valid_bits = 0;
    for (init_code = 0; init_code < clear; init_code++) {
        g->codes[init_code].prefix = -1;
        g->codes[init_code].first = (stbi_uc)init_code;
        g->codes[init_code].suffix = (stbi_uc)init_code;
    }

    // support no starting clear code
    avail = clear + 2;
    oldcode = -1;

    len = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (valid_bits < codesize) {
            if (len == 0) {
                len = stbi__get8(s); // start new block
                if (len == 0) {
                    return g->out;
                }
            }
            --len;
            bits |= (stbi__int32)stbi__get8(s) << valid_bits;
            valid_bits += 8;
        } else {
            stbi__int32 code = bits & codemask;
            bits >>= codesize;
            valid_bits -= codesize;
            // @OPTIMIZE: is there some way we can accelerate the non-clear path?
            if (code == clear) {  // clear code
                codesize = lzw_cs + 1;
                codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
                avail = clear + 2;
                oldcode = -1;
                first = 0;
            } else if (code == clear + 1) { // end of stream code
                stbi__skip(s, len);
                while ((len = stbi__get8(s)) > 0) {
                    stbi__skip(s, len);
                }
                return g->out;
            } else if (code <= avail) {
                if (first) {
                    return stbi__errpuc("no clear code", "Corrupt GIF");
                }

                if (oldcode >= 0) {
                    p = &g->codes[avail++];
                    if (avail > 4096) {
                        return stbi__errpuc("too many codes", "Corrupt GIF");
                    }
                    p->prefix = (stbi__int16)oldcode;
                    p->first = g->codes[oldcode].first;
                    p->suffix = (code == avail) ? p->first : g->codes[code].first;
                } else if (code == avail) {
                    return stbi__errpuc("illegal code in raster", "Corrupt GIF");
                }

                stbi__out_gif_code(g, (stbi__uint16)code);

                if ((avail & codemask) == 0 && avail <= 0x0FFF) {
                    codesize++;
                    codemask = (1 << codesize) - 1;
                }

                oldcode = code;
            } else {
                return stbi__errpuc("illegal code in raster", "Corrupt GIF");
            }
        }
    }
}

static void stbi__fill_gif_background(stbi__gif *g, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
    int x;
    int y;
    stbi_uc *c = g->pal[g->bgindex];
    for (y = y0; y < y1; y += 4 * g->w) {
        for (x = x0; x < x1; x += 4) {
            stbi_uc *p = &g->out[y + x];
            p[0] = c[2];
            p[1] = c[1];
            p[2] = c[0];
            p[3] = 0;
        }
    }
}

// this function is designed to support animated gifs, although stb_image doesn't support it
static stbi_uc *stbi__gif_load_next(stbi__context *s, stbi__gif *g, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    int i;
    stbi_uc *prev_out = 0;

    if (g->out == 0 && !stbi__gif_header(s, g, comp, 0)) {
        return 0; // stbi__g_failure_reason set by stbi__gif_header
    }

    prev_out = g->out;
    g->out = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(4 * g->w * g->h);
    if (g->out == 0) {
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }

    switch ((g->eflags & 0x1C) >> 2) {
        case 0: // unspecified (also always used on 1st frame)
            stbi__fill_gif_background(g, 0, 0, 4 * g->w, 4 * g->w * g->h);
            break;
        case 1: // do not dispose
            if (prev_out) {
                memcpy_s(g->out, 4 * g->w * g->h, prev_out, 4 * g->w * g->h);
            }
            g->old_out = prev_out;
            break;
        case 2: // dispose to background
            if (prev_out) {
                memcpy_s(g->out, 4 * g->w * g->h, prev_out, 4 * g->w * g->h);
            }
            stbi__fill_gif_background(g, g->start_x, g->start_y, g->max_x, g->max_y);
            break;
        case 3: // dispose to previous
            if (g->old_out) {
                for (i = g->start_y; i < g->max_y; i += 4 * g->w) {
                    memcpy_s(&g->out[i + g->start_x], g->max_x - g->start_x,
                        &g->old_out[i + g->start_x], g->max_x - g->start_x);
                }
            }
            break;
    }

    for (;;) {
        switch (stbi__get8(s)) {
            case 0x2C: { /* Image Descriptor */
                int prev_trans = -1;
                stbi__int32 x;
                stbi__int32 y;
                stbi__int32 w;
                stbi__int32 h;
                stbi_uc *o;
                x = stbi__get16le(s);
                y = stbi__get16le(s);
                w = stbi__get16le(s);
                h = stbi__get16le(s);
                if (((x + w) > (g->w)) || ((y + h) > (g->h)))
                    return stbi__errpuc("bad Image Descriptor", "Corrupt GIF");
                g->line_size = g->w * 4;
                g->start_x = x * 4;
                g->start_y = y * g->line_size;
                g->max_x = g->start_x + w * 4;
                g->max_y = g->start_y + h * g->line_size;
                g->cur_x = g->start_x;
                g->cur_y = g->start_y;
                g->lflags = stbi__get8(s);
                if (g->lflags & 0x40) {
                    g->step = 8 * g->line_size; // first interlaced spacing
                    g->parse = 3;
                } else {
                    g->step = g->line_size;
                    g->parse = 0;
                }
                if (g->lflags & 0x80) {
                    stbi__gif_parse_colortable(s, g->lpal, 2 << (g->lflags & 7),
                        g->eflags & 0x01 ? g->transparent : -1);
                    g->color_table = (stbi_uc *)g->lpal;
                } else if (g->flags & 0x80) {
                    if (g->transparent >= 0 && (g->eflags & 0x01)) {
                        prev_trans = g->pal[g->transparent][3];
                        g->pal[g->transparent][3] = 0;
                    }
                    g->color_table = (stbi_uc *)g->pal;
                } else {
                    return stbi__errpuc("missing color table", "Corrupt GIF");
                }
                o = stbi__process_gif_raster(s, g);
                if (o == NULL) {
                    return NULL;
                }
                if (prev_trans != -1) {
                    g->pal[g->transparent][3] = (stbi_uc)prev_trans;
                }
                return o;
            }
            case 0x21: { // Comment Extension.
                int len;
                if (stbi__get8(s) == 0xF9) { // Graphic Control Extension.
                    len = stbi__get8(s);
                    if (len == 4) {
                        g->eflags = stbi__get8(s);
                        g->delay = stbi__get16le(s);
                        g->transparent = stbi__get8(s);
                    } else {
                        stbi__skip(s, len);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                while ((len = stbi__get8(s)) != 0) {
                    stbi__skip(s, len);
                }
                break;
                }
            case 0x3B: // gif stream termination code
                return (stbi_uc *)s; // using '1' causes warning on some compilers
            default:
                return stbi__errpuc("unknown code", "Corrupt GIF");
        }
    }
    STBI_NOTUSED(req_comp);
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__gif_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi_uc *u = 0;
    stbi__gif g;
    SecureZeroMemory(&g, sizeof(g));
    u = stbi__gif_load_next(s, &g, comp, req_comp);
    if (u == (stbi_uc *)s) u = 0; // end of animated gif marker
    if (u) {
        *x = g.w;
        *y = g.h;
        if (req_comp && req_comp != 4) {
            u = stbi__convert_format(u, 4, req_comp, g.w, g.h);
        }
    } else if (g.out) {
        STBI_FREE(g.out);
    }
    return u;
}

static int stbi__gif_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    return stbi__gif_info_raw(s, x, y, comp);
}
#endif

// Radiance RGBE HDR loader
// originally by Nicolas Schulz
#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
static int stbi__hdr_test_core(stbi__context *s)
{
    const char *signature = "#?RADIANCE\n";
    int i;
    for (i = 0; signature[i]; ++i) {
        if (stbi__get8(s) != signature[i]) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return 1;
}

static int stbi__hdr_test(stbi__context* s)
{
    int r = stbi__hdr_test_core(s);
    stbi__rewind(s);
    return r;
}

#define STBI__HDR_BUFLEN  1024
static char *stbi__hdr_gettoken(stbi__context *z, char *buffer)
{
    int len = 0;
    char c = '\0';
    c = (char)stbi__get8(z);
    while (!stbi__at_eof(z) && c != '\n') {
        buffer[len++] = c;
        if (len == STBI__HDR_BUFLEN - 1) {
            // flush to end of line
            while (!stbi__at_eof(z) && stbi__get8(z) != '\n');
            break;
        }
        c = (char)stbi__get8(z);
    }

    buffer[len] = 0;
    return buffer;
}

static void stbi__hdr_convert(float *output, stbi_uc *input, int req_comp)
{
    if (input[3] != 0) {
        float f1;
        // Exponent
        f1 = (float)ldexp(1.0f, input[3] - (int)(128 + 8));
        if (req_comp <= 2) {
            output[0] = (input[0] + input[1] + input[2]) * f1 / 3;
        } else {
            output[0] = input[0] * f1;
            output[1] = input[1] * f1;
            output[2] = input[2] * f1;
        }
        if (req_comp == 2) {
            output[1] = 1;
        }
        if (req_comp == 4) {
            output[3] = 1;
        }
    } else {
        switch (req_comp) {
            case 4: output[3] = 1; /* fallthrough */
            case 3: output[0] = output[1] = output[2] = 0;
                break;
            case 2: output[1] = 1; /* fallthrough */
            case 1: output[0] = 0;
                break;
        }
    }
}

static float *stbi__hdr_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    char buffer[STBI__HDR_BUFLEN];
    char *token;
    int valid = 0;
    int width;
    int height;
    stbi_uc *scanline;
    float *hdr_data;
    unsigned int len;
    unsigned char count;
    unsigned char value;
    int i;
    int j;
    int k;
    int c1;
    int c2;
    int z;
    // Check identifier
    if (strcmp(stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer), "#?RADIANCE") != 0) {
        return stbi__errpf("not HDR", "Corrupt HDR image");
    }
    // Parse header
    for (;;) {
        token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
        if (token[0] == 0) {
            break;
        }
        if (strcmp(token, "FORMAT=32-bit_rle_rgbe") == 0) {
            valid = 1;
        }
    }
    if (!valid) {
        return stbi__errpf("unsupported format", "Unsupported HDR format");
    }
    // Parse width and height
    // can't use sscanf() if we're not using stdio!
    token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
    if (strncmp(token, "-Y ", 3)) {
        return stbi__errpf("unsupported data layout", "Unsupported HDR format");
    }
    token += 3;
    height = (int)strtol(token, &token, 10);
    while (*token == ' ') {
        ++token;
    }
    if (strncmp(token, "+X ", 3)) {
        return stbi__errpf("unsupported data layout", "Unsupported HDR format");
    }
    token += 3;
    width = (int)strtol(token, NULL, 10);
    *x = width;
    *y = height;
    if (comp) {
        *comp = 3;
    }
    if (req_comp == 0) {
        req_comp = 3;
    }
    // Read data
    hdr_data = (float *)stbi__malloc(height * width * req_comp * sizeof(float));
    // Load image data
    // image data is stored as some number of sca
    if (width < 8 || width >= 32768) {
        // Read flat data
        for (j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
            for (i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
                stbi_uc rgbe[4];
            main_decode_loop:
                stbi__getn(s, rgbe, 4);
                stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data + j * width * req_comp + i * req_comp, rgbe, req_comp);
            }
        }
    } else {
        // Read RLE-encoded data
        scanline = NULL;
        for (j = 0; j < height; ++j) {
            c1 = stbi__get8(s);
            c2 = stbi__get8(s);
            len = stbi__get8(s);
            if (c1 != 2 || c2 != 2 || (len & 0x80)) {
                // not run-length encoded, so we have to actually use THIS data as a decoded
                // pixel (note this can't be a valid pixel--one of RGB must be >= 128)
                stbi_uc rgbe[4];
                rgbe[0] = (stbi_uc)c1;
                rgbe[1] = (stbi_uc)c2;
                rgbe[2] = (stbi_uc)len;
                rgbe[3] = (stbi_uc)stbi__get8(s);
                stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data, rgbe, req_comp);
                i = 1;
                j = 0;
                STBI_FREE(scanline);
                goto main_decode_loop; // yes, this makes no sense
            }
            len <<= 8;
            len |= stbi__get8(s);
            if (len != width) {
                STBI_FREE(hdr_data); STBI_FREE(scanline);
                return stbi__errpf("invalid decoded scanline length", "corrupt HDR");
            }
            if (scanline == NULL) {
                scanline = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(width * 4);
            }
            for (k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                i = 0;
                while (i < width) {
                    count = stbi__get8(s);
                    if (count > 128) {
                        // Run
                        value = stbi__get8(s);
                        count -= 128;
                        for (z = 0; z < count; ++z) {
                            scanline[i++ * 4 + k] = value;
                        }
                    } else {
                        // Dump
                        for (z = 0; z < count; ++z) {
                            scanline[i++ * 4 + k] = stbi__get8(s);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            for (i = 0; i < width; ++i) {
                stbi__hdr_convert(hdr_data + (j*width + i)*req_comp, scanline + i * 4, req_comp);
            }
        }
        STBI_FREE(scanline);
    }
    return hdr_data;
}

static int stbi__hdr_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    char buffer[STBI__HDR_BUFLEN];
    char *token;
    int valid = 0;
    if (strcmp(stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer), "#?RADIANCE") != 0) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    for (;;) {
        token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
        if (token[0] == 0) {
            break;
        }
        if (strcmp(token, "FORMAT=32-bit_rle_rgbe") == 0) {
            valid = 1;
        }
    }
    if (!valid) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    token = stbi__hdr_gettoken(s, buffer);
    if (strncmp(token, "-Y ", 3)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    token += 3;
    *y = (int)strtol(token, &token, 10);
    while (*token == ' ') ++token;
    if (strncmp(token, "+X ", 3)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    token += 3;
    *x = (int)strtol(token, NULL, 10);
    *comp = 3;
    return 1;
}
#endif // STBI_NO_HDR

#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
static int stbi__bmp_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    int hsz;
    if (stbi__get8(s) != 'B' || stbi__get8(s) != 'M') {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__skip(s, 12);
    hsz = stbi__get32le(s);
    if (hsz != 12 && hsz != 40 && hsz != 56 && hsz != 108 && hsz != 124) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (hsz == 12) {
        *x = stbi__get16le(s);
        *y = stbi__get16le(s);
    } else {
        *x = stbi__get32le(s);
        *y = stbi__get32le(s);
    }
    if (stbi__get16le(s) != 1) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    *comp = stbi__get16le(s) / 8;
    return 1;
}
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
static int stbi__psd_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    int channelCount;
    if (stbi__get32be(s) != 0x38425053) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (stbi__get16be(s) != 1) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__skip(s, 6);
    channelCount = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (channelCount < 0 || channelCount > 16) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    *y = stbi__get32be(s);
    *x = stbi__get32be(s);
    if (stbi__get16be(s) != 8) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    if (stbi__get16be(s) != 3) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    *comp = 4;
    return 1;
}
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
static int stbi__pic_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    unsigned int act_comp = 0;
    unsigned int num_packets = 0;
    unsigned int chained;
    stbi__pic_packet packets[10];
    if (!stbi__pic_is4(s, "\x53\x80\xF6\x34")) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__skip(s, 88);
    *x = stbi__get16be(s);
    *y = stbi__get16be(s);
    if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    if ((*x) != 0 && (1 << 28) / (*x) < (*y)) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    stbi__skip(s, 8);
    do {
        stbi__pic_packet *packet;
        if (num_packets == sizeof(packets) / sizeof(packets[0])) {
            return 0;
        }
        packet = &packets[num_packets++];
        chained = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->size = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->type = stbi__get8(s);
        packet->channel = stbi__get8(s);
        act_comp |= packet->channel;
        if (stbi__at_eof(s)) {
            stbi__rewind(s);
            return 0;
        }
        if (packet->size != 8) {
            stbi__rewind(s);
            return 0;
        }
    } while (chained);
    *comp = (act_comp & 0x10 ? 4 : 3);
    return 1;
}
#endif

// *************************************************************************************************
// Portable Gray Map and Portable Pixel Map loader
// by Ken Miller
//
// PGM: http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pgm.html
// PPM: http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/ppm.html
//
// Known limitations:
//    Does not support comments in the header section
//    Does not support ASCII image data (formats P2 and P3)
//    Does not support 16-bit-per-channel

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM

static int stbi__pnm_test(stbi__context *s)
{
    char p, t;
    p = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    t = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    if (p != 'P' || (t != '5' && t != '6')) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static stbi_uc *stbi__pnm_load(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp, int req_comp)
{
    stbi_uc *out;
    if (!stbi__pnm_info(s, (int *)&s->img_x, (int *)&s->img_y, (int *)&s->img_n)) {
        return 0;
    }
    *x = s->img_x;
    *y = s->img_y;
    *comp = s->img_n;
    out = (stbi_uc *)stbi__malloc(s->img_n * s->img_x * s->img_y);
    if (!out) {
        return stbi__errpuc("outofmem", "Out of memory");
    }
    stbi__getn(s, out, s->img_n * s->img_x * s->img_y);
    if (req_comp && req_comp != s->img_n) {
        out = stbi__convert_format(out, s->img_n, req_comp, s->img_x, s->img_y);
        if (out == NULL) {
            return out; // stbi__convert_format frees input on failure
        }
    }
    return out;
}

static int stbi__pnm_isspace(char c)
{
    return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\v' || c == '\f' || c == '\r';
}

static void     stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(stbi__context *s, char *c)
{
    while (!stbi__at_eof(s) && stbi__pnm_isspace(*c)) {
        *c = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    }
}

static int stbi__pnm_isdigit(char c)
{
    return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
}

static int stbi__pnm_getinteger(stbi__context *s, char *c)
{
    int value = 0;

    while (!stbi__at_eof(s) && stbi__pnm_isdigit(*c)) {
        value = value * 10 + (*c - '0');
        *c = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    }
    return value;
}

static int stbi__pnm_info(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    int maxv;
    char c;
    char p;
    char t;
    stbi__rewind(s);
    // Get identifier
    p = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    t = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    if (p != 'P' || (t != '5' && t != '6')) {
        stbi__rewind(s);
        return 0;
    }
    *comp = (t == '6') ? 3 : 1; // '5' is 1-component .pgm; '6' is 3-component .ppm
    c = (char)stbi__get8(s);
    stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
    *x = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read width
    stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
    *y = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read height
    stbi__pnm_skip_whitespace(s, &c);
    maxv = stbi__pnm_getinteger(s, &c); // read max value
    if (maxv > 255) {
        return stbi__err("max value > 255", "PPM image not 8-bit");
    } else {
        return 1;
    }
}
#endif

static int stbi__info_main(stbi__context *s, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
#ifndef STBI_NO_JPEG
    if (stbi__jpeg_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNG
    if (stbi__png_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_GIF
    if (stbi__gif_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_BMP
    if (stbi__bmp_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PSD
    if (stbi__psd_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PIC
    if (stbi__pic_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_PNM
    if (stbi__pnm_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

#ifndef STBI_NO_HDR
    if (stbi__hdr_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif

    // test tga last because it's a crappy test!
#ifndef STBI_NO_TGA
    if (stbi__tga_info(s, x, y, comp)) {
        return 1;
    }
#endif
    return stbi__err("unknown image type", "Image not of any known type, or corrupt");
}

#ifndef STBI_NO_STDIO
STBIDEF int stbi_info(char const *filename, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    FILE *f = stbi__fopen(filename, "rb");
    int result;
    if (!f) {
        return stbi__err("can't fopen", "Unable to open file");
    }
    result = stbi_info_from_file(f, x, y, comp);
    fclose(f);
    return result;
}

STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_file(FILE *f, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    int r;
    stbi__context s;
    long pos = ftell(f);
    stbi__start_file(&s, f);
    r = stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
    fseek(f, pos, SEEK_SET);
    return r;
}
#endif // !STBI_NO_STDIO

STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_memory(stbi_uc const *buffer, int len, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_mem(&s, buffer, len);
    return stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
}

STBIDEF int stbi_info_from_callbacks(stbi_io_callbacks const *c, void *user, int *x, int *y, int *comp)
{
    stbi__context s;
    stbi__start_callbacks(&s, (stbi_io_callbacks *)c, user);
    return stbi__info_main(&s, x, y, comp);
}

#endif // STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION

/*
   revision history:
      2.08  (2015-09-13) fix to 2.07 cleanup, reading RGB PSD as RGBA
      2.07  (2015-09-13) fix compiler warnings
                         partial animated GIF support
                         limited 16-bit PSD support
                         #ifdef unused functions
                         bug with < 92 byte PIC,PNM,HDR,TGA
      2.06  (2015-04-19) fix bug where PSD returns wrong '*comp' value
      2.05  (2015-04-19) fix bug in progressive JPEG handling, fix warning
      2.04  (2015-04-15) try to re-enable SIMD on MinGW 64-bit
      2.03  (2015-04-12) extra corruption checking (mmozeiko)
                         stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load (nguillemot)
                         fix NEON support; fix mingw support
      2.02  (2015-01-19) fix incorrect assert, fix warning
      2.01  (2015-01-17) fix various warnings; suppress SIMD on gcc 32-bit without -msse2
      2.00b (2014-12-25) fix STBI_MALLOC in progressive JPEG
      2.00  (2014-12-25) optimize JPG, including x86 SSE2 & NEON SIMD (ryg)
                         progressive JPEG (stb)
                         PGM/PPM support (Ken Miller)
                         STBI_MALLOC,STBI_REALLOC,STBI_FREE
                         GIF bugfix -- seemingly never worked
                         STBI_NO_*, STBI_ONLY_*
      1.48  (2014-12-14) fix incorrectly-named assert()
      1.47  (2014-12-14) 1/2/4-bit PNG support, both direct and paletted (Omar Cornut & stb)
                         optimize PNG (ryg)
                         fix bug in interlaced PNG with user-specified channel count (stb)
      1.46  (2014-08-26)
              fix broken tRNS chunk (colorkey-style transparency) in non-paletted PNG
      1.45  (2014-08-16)
              fix MSVC-ARM internal compiler error by wrapping malloc
      1.44  (2014-08-07)
              various warning fixes from Ronny Chevalier
      1.43  (2014-07-15)
              fix MSVC-only compiler problem in code changed in 1.42
      1.42  (2014-07-09)
              don't define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS (affects user code)
              fixes to stbi__cleanup_jpeg path
              added STBI_ASSERT to avoid requiring assert.h
      1.41  (2014-06-25)
              fix search&replace from 1.36 that messed up comments/error messages
      1.40  (2014-06-22)
              fix gcc struct-initialization warning
      1.39  (2014-06-15)
              fix to TGA optimization when req_comp != number of components in TGA;
              fix to GIF loading because BMP wasn't rewinding (whoops, no GIFs in my test suite)
              add support for BMP version 5 (more ignored fields)
      1.38  (2014-06-06)
              suppress MSVC warnings on integer casts truncating values
              fix accidental rename of 'skip' field of I/O
      1.37  (2014-06-04)
              remove duplicate typedef
      1.36  (2014-06-03)
              convert to header file single-file library
              if de-iphone isn't set, load iphone images color-swapped instead of returning NULL
      1.35  (2014-05-27)
              various warnings
              fix broken STBI_SIMD path
              fix bug where stbi_load_from_file no longer left file pointer in correct place
              fix broken non-easy path for 32-bit BMP (possibly never used)
              TGA optimization by Arseny Kapoulkine
      1.34  (unknown)
              use STBI_NOTUSED in stbi__resample_row_generic(), fix one more leak in tga failure case
      1.33  (2011-07-14)
              make stbi_is_hdr work in STBI_NO_HDR (as specified), minor compiler-friendly improvements
      1.32  (2011-07-13)
              support for "info" function for all supported filetypes (SpartanJ)
      1.31  (2011-06-20)
              a few more leak fixes, bug in PNG handling (SpartanJ)
      1.30  (2011-06-11)
              added ability to load files via callbacks to accomidate custom input streams (Ben Wenger)
              removed deprecated format-specific test/load functions
              removed support for installable file formats (stbi_loader) -- would have been broken for IO callbacks anyway
              error cases in bmp and tga give messages and don't leak (Raymond Barbiero, grisha)
              fix inefficiency in decoding 32-bit BMP (David Woo)
      1.29  (2010-08-16)
              various warning fixes from Aurelien Pocheville
      1.28  (2010-08-01)
              fix bug in GIF palette transparency (SpartanJ)
      1.27  (2010-08-01)
              cast-to-stbi_uc to fix warnings
      1.26  (2010-07-24)
              fix bug in file buffering for PNG reported by SpartanJ
      1.25  (2010-07-17)
              refix trans_data warning (Won Chun)
      1.24  (2010-07-12)
              perf improvements reading from files on platforms with lock-heavy fgetc()
              minor perf improvements for jpeg
              deprecated type-specific functions so we'll get feedback if they're needed
              attempt to fix trans_data warning (Won Chun)
      1.23    fixed bug in iPhone support
      1.22  (2010-07-10)
              removed image *writing* support
              stbi_info support from Jetro Lauha
              GIF support from Jean-Marc Lienher
              iPhone PNG-extensions from James Brown
              warning-fixes from Nicolas Schulz and Janez Zemva (i.stbi__err. Janez (U+017D)emva)
      1.21    fix use of 'stbi_uc' in header (reported by jon blow)
      1.20    added support for Softimage PIC, by Tom Seddon
      1.19    bug in interlaced PNG corruption check (found by ryg)
      1.18  (2008-08-02)
              fix a threading bug (local mutable static)
      1.17    support interlaced PNG
      1.16    major bugfix - stbi__convert_format converted one too many pixels
      1.15    initialize some fields for thread safety
      1.14    fix threadsafe conversion bug
              header-file-only version (#define STBI_HEADER_FILE_ONLY before including)
      1.13    threadsafe
      1.12    const qualifiers in the API
      1.11    Support installable IDCT, colorspace conversion routines
      1.10    Fixes for 64-bit (don't use "unsigned long")
              optimized upsampling by Fabian "ryg" Giesen
      1.09    Fix format-conversion for PSD code (bad global variables!)
      1.08    Thatcher Ulrich's PSD code integrated by Nicolas Schulz
      1.07    attempt to fix C++ warning/errors again
      1.06    attempt to fix C++ warning/errors again
      1.05    fix TGA loading to return correct *comp and use good luminance calc
      1.04    default float alpha is 1, not 255; use 'void *' for stbi_image_free
      1.03    bugfixes to STBI_NO_STDIO, STBI_NO_HDR
      1.02    support for (subset of) HDR files, float interface for preferred access to them
      1.01    fix bug: possible bug in handling right-side up bmps... not sure
              fix bug: the stbi__bmp_load() and stbi__tga_load() functions didn't work at all
      1.00    interface to zlib that skips zlib header
      0.99    correct handling of alpha in palette
      0.98    TGA loader by lonesock; dynamically add loaders (untested)
      0.97    jpeg errors on too large a file; also catch another malloc failure
      0.96    fix detection of invalid v value - particleman@mollyrocket forum
      0.95    during header scan, seek to markers in case of padding
      0.94    STBI_NO_STDIO to disable stdio usage; rename all #defines the same
      0.93    handle jpegtran output; verbose errors
      0.92    read 4,8,16,24,32-bit BMP files of several formats
      0.91    output 24-bit Windows 3.0 BMP files
      0.90    fix a few more warnings; bump version number to approach 1.0
      0.61    bugfixes due to Marc LeBlanc, Christopher Lloyd
      0.60    fix compiling as c++
      0.59    fix warnings: merge Dave Moore's -Wall fixes
      0.58    fix bug: zlib uncompressed mode len/nlen was wrong endian
      0.57    fix bug: jpg last huffman symbol before marker was >9 bits but less than 16 available
      0.56    fix bug: zlib uncompressed mode len vs. nlen
      0.55    fix bug: restart_interval not initialized to 0
      0.54    allow NULL for 'int *comp'
      0.53    fix bug in png 3->4; speedup png decoding
      0.52    png handles req_comp=3,4 directly; minor cleanup; jpeg comments
      0.51    obey req_comp requests, 1-component jpegs return as 1-component,
              on 'test' only check type, not whether we support this variant
      0.50  (2006-11-19)
              first released version
*/
